4.9 提供自动完成
我们遇到的最受欢迎的功能之一就是自动完成。许多人都使用过Intuit的Quicken之类的工具,并对其注册表的功能很是着迷,它的注册表能根据以前的注册项填入信息。这就使得数据输入更快、更容易,而且不容易出错。对于胖客户应用,增加这个功能可能很容易,但是Web应用长期以来一直都没有这个特性[1]。不过,Google在其beta实验区推出Google
Suggest后,证明了自动完成对于Web应用并非遥不可及。
Google Suggest实在让人赞叹不已(见图4-16)。它不仅很好地放置了下拉区,还会在输入框中自动插入最有可能的答案,并将非用户键入的部分置灰,在下拉区中甚至还能使用向上和向下箭头。由于为给定项提供了一些结果,用户就能更清楚地认识到具体完成搜索时可能会得到的结果。
许多网站都对Google Suggest做了剖析(可以在google上查Google Suggest!)。代码清单4-17所示的例子比不上Google
Suggest那么丰富,但你确实能从中了解到利用Ajax可以做些什么。需要注意,在这个例子中,callback()函数除了查找一般的返回码200,还会查找返回码204。204响应码指示服务器没有发回任何信息,利用个提示可以清空名字下拉区。你还会注意到,通过点记法为单元格设置鼠标事件,这一点在前面的“为什么不能用setAttribute方法来设置Delete按钮的事件处理程序?”旁注中已经解释过。重申一次,使用calculateOffset()方法来确定应该把数据放在哪个位置。
图4-16 Ajax为Google Suggest增色不少
代码清单4-17 autoComplete.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD
HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Ajax
Auto Complete</title>
<style
type="text/css">
.mouseOut
{
background:
#708090;
color: #FFFAFA;
}
.mouseOver
{
background:
#FFFAFA;
color: #000000;
}
</style>
<script
type="text/javascript">
var xmlHttp;
var completeDiv;
var inputField;
var nameTable;
var nameTableBody;
function createXMLHttpRequest() {
if (window.ActiveXObject) {
xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
}
function initVars() {
inputField = document.getElementById("names");
nameTable = document.getElementById("name_table");
completeDiv = document.getElementById("popup");
nameTableBody = document.getElementById("name_table_body");
}
function findNames() {
initVars();
if (inputField.value.length > 0) {
createXMLHttpRequest();
var url = "AutoCompleteServlet?names="
+ escape(inputField.value);
xmlHttp.open("GET", url, true);
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = callback;
xmlHttp.send(null);
} else {
clearNames();
}
}
function callback() {
if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
var name =
xmlHttp.responseXML
.getElementsByTagName("name")[0].firstChild.data;
setNames(xmlHttp.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("name"));
} else if (xmlHttp.status == 204){
clearNames();
}
}
}
function setNames(the_names) {
clearNames();
var size = the_names.length;
setOffsets();
var row, cell, txtNode;
for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
var nextNode = the_names[i].firstChild.data;
row = document.createElement("tr");
cell = document.createElement("td");
cell.onmouseout = function() {this.className='mouseOver';};
cell.onmouseover = function() {this.className='mouseOut';};
cell.setAttribute("bgcolor", "#FFFAFA");
cell.setAttribute("border", "0");
cell.onclick = function() { populateName(this); } ;
txtNode = document.createTextNode(nextNode);
cell.appendChild(txtNode);
row.appendChild(cell);
nameTableBody.appendChild(row);
}
}
function setOffsets() {
var end = inputField.offsetWidth;
var left = calculateOffsetLeft(inputField);
var top = calculateOffsetTop(inputField) + inputField.offsetHeight;
completeDiv.style.border = "black 1px solid";
completeDiv.style.left = left + "px";
completeDiv.style.top = top + "px";
nameTable.style.width = end + "px";
}
function calculateOffsetLeft(field) {
return calculateOffset(field, "offsetLeft");
}
function calculateOffsetTop(field) {
return calculateOffset(field, "offsetTop");
}
function calculateOffset(field, attr) {
var offset = 0;
while(field) {
offset += field[attr];
field = field.offsetParent;
}
return offset;
}
function populateName(cell) {
inputField.value = cell.firstChild.nodeValue;
clearNames();
}
function clearNames() {
var ind = nameTableBody.childNodes.length;
for (var i = ind - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
nameTableBody.removeChild(nameTableBody.childNodes[i]);
}
completeDiv.style.border = "none";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Ajax
Auto Complete Example</h1>
Names: <input
type="text" size="20" id="names"
onkeyup="findNames();" style="height:20;"/>
<div style="position:absolute;" id="popup">
<table id="name_table" bgcolor="#FFFAFA"
border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"/>
<tbody id="name_table_body"></tbody>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
服务器端代码模拟了命名服务的动态名字搜索功能。servlet中设置了一组名字,搜索委托给包含有查找逻辑的另一个类。注意,如果没有找到任何数据,要向客户返回响应,指示没有内容。代码清单4-18显示了AutoCompleteServlet.java,代码清单4-19是NameSer-
vice.java。
代码清单4-18 AutoCompleteServlet.java
package ajaxbook.chap4;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class AutoCompleteServlet
extends HttpServlet {
private List
names = new ArrayList();
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException
{
names.add("Abe");
names.add("Abel");
names.add("Abigail");
names.add("Abner");
names.add("Abraham");
names.add("Marcus");
names.add("Marcy");
names.add("Marge");
names.add("Marie");
}
protected
void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String prefix = request.getParameter("names");
NameService service = NameService.getInstance(names);
List matching = service.findNames(prefix);
if (matching.size() > 0) {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
response.setContentType("text/xml");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
out.println("<response>");
Iterator iter = matching.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()) {
String name = (String) iter.next();
out.println("<name>" + name + "</name>");
}
out.println("</response>");
matching = null;
service = null;
out.close();
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NO_CONTENT);
}
}
}
代码清单4-19 NameService.java
package ajaxbook.chap4;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class NameService {
private List
names;
/** Creates
a new instance of NameService */
private NameService(List
list_of_names) {
this.names = list_of_names;
}
public static
NameService getInstance(List list_of_names) {
return new NameService(list_of_names);
}
public List
findNames(String prefix) {
String prefix_upper = prefix.toUpperCase();
List matches = new ArrayList();
Iterator iter = names.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()) {
String name = (String) iter.next();
String name_upper_case = name.toUpperCase();
if(name_upper_case.startsWith(prefix_upper)){
boolean result = matches.add(name);
}
}
return matches;
}
}
图4-17显示了实际运行的自动完成示例。
图4-17 自动完成示例
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