package filters; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.UnavailableException; /** * <p>Example filter that sets the character encoding to be used in parsing the * incoming request, either unconditionally or only if the client did not * specify a character encoding. Configuration of this filter is based on * the following initialization parameters:</p> * <ul> * <li><strong>encoding</strong> - The character encoding to be configured * for this request, either conditionally or unconditionally based on * the <code>ignore</code> initialization parameter. This parameter * is required, so there is no default.</li> * <li><strong>ignore</strong> - If set to "true", any character encoding * specified by the client is ignored, and the value returned by the * <code>selectEncoding()</code> method is set. If set to "false, * <code>selectEncoding()</code> is called <strong>only</strong> if the * client has not already specified an encoding. By default, this * parameter is set to "true".</li> * </ul> * * <p>Although this filter can be used unchanged, it is also easy to * subclass it and make the <code>selectEncoding()</code> method more * intelligent about what encoding to choose, based on characteristics of * the incoming request (such as the values of the <code>Accept-Language</code> * and <code>User-Agent</code> headers, or a value stashed in the current * user's session.</p> * * @author Craig McClanahan * @version $Revision: 1.2 $ $Date: 2001/10/17 22:53:19 $ */ public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter { // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables /** * The default character encoding to set for requests that pass through * this filter. */ protected String encoding = null; /** * The filter configuration object we are associated with. If this value * is null, this filter instance is not currently configured. */ protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null; /** * Should a character encoding specified by the client be ignored? */ protected boolean ignore = true; // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods /** * Take this filter out of service. */ public void destroy() { this.encoding = null; this.filterConfig = null; } /** * Select and set (if specified) the character encoding to be used to * interpret request parameters for this request. * * @param request The servlet request we are processing * @param result The servlet response we are creating * @param chain The filter chain we are processing * * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs * @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { // Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) { String encoding = selectEncoding(request); if (encoding != null) request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); } // Pass control on to the next filter chain.doFilter(request, response); } /** * Place this filter into service. * * @param filterConfig The filter configuration object */ public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { this.filterConfig = filterConfig; this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding"); String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore"); if (value == null) this.ignore = true; else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) this.ignore = true; else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes")) this.ignore = true; else this.ignore = false; } // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods /** * Select an appropriate character encoding to be used, based on the * characteristics of the current request and/or filter initialization * parameters. If no character encoding should be set, return * <code>null</code>. * <p> * The default implementation unconditionally returns the value configured * by the <strong>encoding</strong> initialization parameter for this * filter. * * @param request The servlet request we are processing */ protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) { return (this.encoding); } }

其中，request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);是一个关键句子。

为了让该类工作，我们还要在web.xml文件中对它进行配置，配置代码如下：

　

<filter> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name> <filter-class>filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>

最后，就是准备资源包文件，我们以创建一个中文文件为例：

将ApplicationResources.properties文件打开，另存为ApplicationResources_zh.properties，这只是一个过渡性质的文件。将文件中键/值对的值都用中文表示。更改完后的代码如下：

　

#Application Resource for the logon.jsp logon.jsp.title=登录页 logon.jsp.page.heading=欢迎 世界! logon.jsp.prompt.username=用户名: logon.jsp.prompt.password=口令: logon.jsp.prompt.submit=提交 logon.jsp.prompt.reset=复位 #Application Resource for the main.jsp main.jsp.title=主页 main.jsp.welcome=欢迎: #Application Resource for the LogonAction.java error.missing.username=<li><font color="red">没有输入用户名</font></li> error.missing.password=<li><font color="red">没有输入口令</font></li> #Application Resource for the UserInfoBo.java error.noMatch=<li><font color="red">没有匹配的用户</font></li> #Application Resource for the UserInfoBo.java error.logon.invalid=<li><font color="red">用户名/口令是无效的</font></li> error.removed.user=<li><font color="red">找不到该用户</font></li> error.unexpected=<li><font color="red">不可预期的错误</font></li>

使用native2ascii工具将上面文件中的中文字符转换为ascii码，并生成一个最终使用的资源文件ApplicationResources_zh_CN.properties。

具体做法是打开一个dos窗口，到mystruts\WEB-INF\classes目录下，运行如下语句：

native2ascii -encoding GBK ApplicationResources_zh.properties ApplicationResources_zh_CN.properties

生成的文件ApplicationResources_zh_CN.properties的内容如下：

　

#Application Resource for the logon.jsp logon.jsp.title=\u767b\u5f55\u9875 logon.jsp.page.heading=\u6b22\u8fce \u4e16\u754c! logon.jsp.prompt.username=\u7528\u6237\u540d: logon.jsp.prompt.password=\u53e3\u4ee4: logon.jsp.prompt.submit=\u63d0\u4ea4 logon.jsp.prompt.reset=\u590d\u4f4d #Application Resource for the main.jsp main.jsp.title=\u4e3b\u9875 main.jsp.welcome=\u6b22\u8fce: #Application Resource for the LogonAction.java error.missing.username=<li><font color="red">\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d</font></li> error.missing.password=<li><font color="red">\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u53e3\u4ee4</font></li> #Application Resource for the UserInfoBo.java error.noMatch=<li><font color="red">\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7528\u6237</font></li> #Application Resource for the UserInfoBo.java error.logon.invalid=<li><font color="red">\u7528\u6237\u540d/\u53e3\u4ee4\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684</font></li> error.removed.user=<li><font color="red">\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8be5\u7528\u6237</font></li> error.unexpected=<li><font color="red">\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u9519\u8bef</font></li>

从这里可以看出，所有的中文字都转换成了对应的Unicode码。

现在，再运行登录例子程序，您会发现它已经是显示的中文了。在浏览器的"工具"--"Internet选项"的"语言首选项"对话框中，去掉"中文（中国）"加上英文，再试登录程序，此时，又会显示英文。这就是说不同国家（地区）的客户都可以看到自己语言的内容，这就实现了国际化编程的基本要求。如果还要显示其他语言，可采用类似处理中文的方法进行，这里就不细讲了。

本文中的例子程序所采用的数据库仍然是MS SQLServer2000，数据库字符集为gbk。实验表明，对简、繁体中文，英文及日文字符都能支持。