开发环境:
JDK 1.5 Tomcat 6.0 Spring 2.5 Struts 1.3 Hibernate 3.2 DWR 2.0 MyEclipse 6.5 SQL Server 2005 |
Spring整合Hibernate的价值在于Spring为Hibernate增加了以下内容:
Session management:Spring为Hibernate的session提供了有效、容易和安全的控制
Resource management:Spring控制Hibernate的SessionFactories,JDBC
datasources及其它相关资源
Integrated transaction management:完整的事务管理
Exception wrapping:异常的包装
1. 利用Spring IoC容器创建SessionFactory
可以使用org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean创建SessionFactory实例,
共有以下二种方式:
1) 【最佳方案】直接使用Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml如下:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="myeclipse.connection.profile"> com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver </property> <property name="connection.url"> jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=SSH </property> <property name="connection.username">sa</property> <property name="connection.password"></property> <property name="connection.driver_class"> com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver </property> <property name="dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect </property> <mapping resource="cn/qdqn/ssh/entity/UserInfo.hbm.xml" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration> |
pring配置文件中SessionFactory初始化配置方法:
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"> </property> </bean> |
2) 在Spring配置文件中整合所有Hibernate配置参数
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=SSH"/> <property name="username" value="sa"/> <property name="password" value=""/> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"> </property> <property name="mappingResources"> <list> <value>cn/qdqn/ssh/entity/UserInfo.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect </prop> <prop key="show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> |
注意:使用MyEclipse集成SSH时,org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource所在的包commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar不会默认加载,另外还需加载commons-pool-1.4.jar,两者均可在Apache网站commons项目下找到。否则运行程序会出现以下异常:
ava.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/pool/impl/GenericObjectPool at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructor(Unknown Source) …… |
2. Hibernate DAO开发
1) 使用Hibernate原生API实现DAO
A. 使用原生API实现DAO
public class UserInfoDAORaw implements IUserInfoDAO { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } public List findAll() { return this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession() .createQuery("from UserInfo").list(); }
部分代码省略…… } B. 在applicationContext.xml配置原生DAO Bean <bean id="userInfoDAORaw" class="cn.qdqn.ssh.dao.UserInfoDAORaw"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref bean="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> |
C. 运行测试
ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserInfoDAORaw dao=(UserInfoDAORaw)ctx.getBean("userInfoDAORaw"); List<UserInfo> list=dao.findAll(); for(UserInfo info : list){ System.out.println(info.getUserName()+"-"+info.getUserPwd()); } |
结论:使用Hibernate原生API实现DAO可以做到Hibernate和Spring完全分离,缺点是无法利用Spring封装Hibernate所提供的额外功能。
2)【最佳方案】使用Spring框架所提供的HibernateDaoSupport类实现DAO
A. 使用MyEclipse反向工程生成Spring 整合Hibernate
的DAO,该DAO继承自Spring的
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport public class UserInfoDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport { private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(UserInfoDAO.class); // property constants public static final String USER_NAME = "userName"; public static final String USER_PWD = "userPwd"; public void save(UserInfo transientInstance) { log.debug("saving UserInfo instance"); try { getHibernateTemplate().save(transientInstance); log.debug("save successful"); } catch (RuntimeException re) { log.error("save failed", re); throw re; } } 部分代码省略…… } B. 在applicationContext.xml配置DAO Bean <bean id="userInfoDAO" class="cn.qdqn.ssh.dao.UserInfoDAO"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref bean="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> |
C. 运行测试
ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserInfoDAORaw dao=(UserInfoDAORaw)ctx.getBean("userInfoDAO"); List<UserInfo> list=dao.findAll(); for(UserInfo info : list){ System.out.println(info.getUserName()+"-"+info.getUserPwd()); } |
注意:HibernateDaoSupport通过getHibernateTemplate()方法得到HibernateTemplate实例进行保存、删除等操作,但是HibernateTemplate默认不进行事务处理,而在Hibernate中这些操作必须在事务下执行才能得到正确的结果,因此必须使用Spring声明式事务管理。
3. 使用Spring声明式事务管理
1) 使用Spring 1.x 的事务代理类进行事务管理
A. 在applicationContext.xml中声明事务管理器,注入sessionFactory属性
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref local="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> |
B. 在applicationContext.xml中使用Spring AOP代理方式实现声明式事务
<bean id="userInfoDAOProxy" class= "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <!--必须为true时CGLIB才不用强制编写DAO接口--> <property name="proxyTargetClass"> <value>true</value> </property> <property name="transactionManager"> <ref bean="transactionManager"/> </property> <property name="target"> <ref bean="userInfoDAO"/> </property> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> |
C. 通过代理Bean获取DAO Bean,进行数据库操作
ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserInfoDAO dao=(UserInfoDAO)ctx.getBean("userInfoDAOProxy"); UserInfo user=new UserInfo(); user.setUserName("比尔盖茨"); user.setUserPwd("windows"); dao.save(user); |
问题1:运行程序会报以下异常:
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor.visit
(IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V at net.sf.cglib.core.ClassEmitter.begin_class(ClassEmitter.java:77) at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.generateClass(KeyFactory.java:173) at net.sf.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:25) at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:216) at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.create(KeyFactory.java:145) at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:117) at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:108) at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:104) at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.<clinit>(Enhancer.java:69) ………… |
解决方法:原因是Spring与Hibernate所使用的asm版本冲突,删除asm.2.2.3.jar即可。
问题2:对每个业务逻辑Bean或DAO Bean都要设置事务代理Bean将是一个非常庞大的工作量!
改进方法: 可以通过定义“基类”来解决重复性编码!如:
<bean id="baseDAOProxy" abstract="true" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="proxyTargetClass"> <value>true</value> </property> <property name="transactionManager"> <ref bean="transactionManager"/> </property> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="userInfoDAOProxy" parent="baseDAOProxy"> <property name="target"> <ref bean="userInfoDAO"/> </property> </bean> |
结论:采用Spring 1.x配置事务要额外配置一个代理对象,原来Bean的获取方式也要修改,因此,也是一种“侵入式”的解决方案,虽然没有侵入到Bean程序代码中。
2) 使用Spring 2.x 的aop 和tx 声明式配置进行事务管理
A. 在applicationContext.xml中添加aop和tx名称空间
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd"> ………… </beans> |
B. 在applicationContext.xml中声明事务管理器,注入sessionFactory属性
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref local="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> |
C. 通过 <tx:advice>定义事务通知
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="do*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> |
D. 将事务通知advice和切面pointcut组合起来
<aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods" expression="execution(* cn.qdqn.ssh.dao.*.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/> </aop:config> |
E. 两种应用测试:
a) 对于Java Application,直接获取DAO Bean,进行数据库操作
ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserInfoDAO dao=(UserInfoDAO)ctx.getBean("userInfoDAO"); UserInfo user=new UserInfo(); user.setUserName("比尔盖茨"); user.setUserPwd("windows"); dao.save(user); |
问题:运行程序会报以下异常
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: $Proxy1 at cn.qdqn.ssh.test.AddUserInfo.main(AddUserInfo.java:18) |
解决方法:此时唯有JDK 基于接口的代理将起作用,因此每个BO或DAO类必须要有对应的Interface,可以使用MyEclipse的重构功能生成BO或DAO类的接口定义,将获取的BO或DAO
Bean放在相应接口对象的引用中即可。代码修改如下:
ApplicationContext ctx= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); IUserInfoDAO dao=(IUserInfoDAO)ctx.getBean("userInfoDAO"); UserInfo user=new UserInfo(); user.setUserName("比尔盖茨"); user.setUserPwd("windows"); dao.save(user); |
b) 对于Web Application,在Struts Action定义BO或DAO,通过Spring在action-servlet.xml中进行注入
public class AddAction extends Action { private UserInfoDAO userInfoDAO; public UserInfoDAO getUserInfoDAO() { return userInfoDAO; } public void setUserInfoDAO(UserInfoDAO userInfoDAO) { this.userInfoDAO = userInfoDAO; } ………… }
<bean name="/add" class="cn.qdqn.ssh.struts.action.AddAction"> <property name="userInfoDAO"> <ref bean="userInfoDAO"/> </property> </bean>
|
问题:启动Tomcat会报以下异常
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
Error creating bean with name '/add' defined in ServletContext resource
[/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml]: Error setting property values;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException;
nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are: PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.TypeMismatchException:
Failed to convert property value of type [$Proxy1] to required type
[cn.qdqn.ssh.dao.UserInfoDAO] for property 'userInfoDAO';
nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot convert value of type [$Proxy1]
to required type [cn.qdqn.ssh.dao.UserInfoDAO] for property 'userInfoDAO': no matching editors or conversion strategy found Caused by: org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessException details (1) are: PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.TypeMismatchException: Failed to convert property value of type [$Proxy1]
to required type [cn.qdqn.ssh.dao.UserInfoDAO] for property 'userInfoDAO';
nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
Cannot convert value of type [$Proxy1] to required type [cn.qdqn.ssh.dao.UserInfoDAO]
for property 'userInfoDAO': no matching editors or conversion strategy found ………… |
解决方法:同Java Application所遇错误相类似,只需将Struts Action定义的等待被注入的BO或DAO替换为其相应的Interface形式即可纠正该错误。如下代码:
public class AddAction extends Action { private IUserInfoDAO userInfoDAO; public IUserInfoDAO getUserInfoDAO() { return userInfoDAO; } public void setUserInfoDAO(IUserInfoDAO userInfoDAO) { this.userInfoDAO = userInfoDAO; } ………… } |
3) 【最佳方案】使用Spring 2.x 的@Transactional标注进行事务管理
A. 在BO或DAO类中添加事务标注@Transactional
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; @Transactional public class UserInfoDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport { private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(UserInfoDAO.class); public static final String USER_NAME = "userName"; public static final String USER_PWD = "userPwd"; public void save(UserInfo transientInstance) { log.debug("saving UserInfo instance"); try { getHibernateTemplate().save(transientInstance); log.debug("save successful"); } catch (RuntimeException re) { log.error("save failed", re); throw re; } }
部分代码省略…… } |
B. 在applicationContext.xml中添加transactionManager和 <tx:annotation-driven>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref local="sessionFactory" /> </property> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true"/> |
注意:proxy-target-class属性值决定是基于接口的还是基于类的代理被创建。如果proxy-target-class
属性值被设置为true,那么基于类的代理将起作用(这时需要cglib库)。如果proxy-target-class属值被设置为false或者这个属性被省略,那么标准的JDK
基于接口的代理将起作用。
C. 测试运行,一切正常
ApplicationContext ctx= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserInfoDAO dao=(UserInfoDAO)ctx.getBean("userInfoDAOProxy"); UserInfo user=new UserInfo(); user.setUserName("比尔盖茨"); user.setUserPwd("windows"); dao.save(user); |
|