最近换了一家公司,公司几乎所有的项目都采用的是Struts2+Spring+Ibatis+Oracle的架构,上一个东家一般用的就是JSF+Spring,所做的项目没有一个用过ORM的框架,至于Struts2也只是平时自己做做Demo玩玩,毕竟才出校园,不懂得东西还有太多太多,经过这么几天的摸索,对这套环境的搭建还算比较熟悉了,因此写一篇日志全当自我总结,也可以给那些初次接触这些框架的朋友一点小小小小小小的建议,当然文中的不足还望各位大神指出,帮助小弟快速地成长。
这个Demo的所有jar包我都上传上来了,有兴趣或者有需要的朋友可以直接下载。
http://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=582164770&uk=772999987
开发环境是JDK1.6+Tomcat6.0
好了,不多说了,先上个项目的结构图。
让我先按照Action-Service-Dao的顺序把所有的层的代码贴出来。
(PS:这个Demo起初我是为了测试spring整合ibatis的事务管理,所以只有增删改的方法,并且测试数据都是写死在代码里的,有兴趣的朋友可以添加更多的方法和完善页面)
首先是Action层:
package com.ssi.test.action;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ssi.test.exception.TestException;
import com.ssi.test.svc.TestSvcIfc;
public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
private TestSvcIfc testSvc;
public void setTestSvc(TestSvcIfc testSvc) {
this.testSvc = testSvc;
}
//添加测试数据
public String addTest() {
try {
testSvc.addTest();
} catch (TestException e) {
//所有异常集中在Action层处理
ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("msg",
e.getMessage());
return ERROR;
}
return null;
}
//删除测试数据
public String deleteTest() {
try {
testSvc.deleteTest();
} catch (TestException e) {
//所有异常集中在Action层处理
ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("msg",
e.getMessage());
return ERROR;
}
return null;
}
//更新测试数据
public String updateTest() {
try {
testSvc.updateTest();
} catch (TestException e) {
//所有异常集中在Action层处理
ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("msg",
e.getMessage());
return ERROR;
}
return null;
}
}
TestAction.java
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接着是Service层的接口以及实现类:
package com.ssi.test.svc;
import com.ssi.test.exception.TestException;
public interface TestSvcIfc {
public void addTest() throws TestException;
public void deleteTest() throws TestException;
public void updateTest() throws TestException;
}
TestSvcIfc.java
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package com.ssi.test.svc.impl;
import com.ssi.test.bean.TestBean;
import com.ssi.test.dao.TestDaoIfc;
import com.ssi.test.exception.TestException;
import com.ssi.test.svc.TestSvcIfc;
import com.ssi.test.utils.TestUtil;
public class TestSvcImpl implements TestSvcIfc {
private TestDaoIfc testDao;
public void setTestDao(TestDaoIfc testDao) {
this.testDao = testDao;
}
@Override
public void addTest() throws TestException {
//这里我通过我的工具类随机生成了一些测试数据
TestBean test = new TestBean();
test.setTestData1(TestUtil.buildData());
test.setTestData2(TestUtil.buildData());
test.setTestData3(TestUtil.buildData());
test.setFlag("0");
testDao.addTest(test);
}
@Override
public void deleteTest() throws TestException {
//数据我是写死了的,我只对id为2的测试数据进行了删除操作
TestBean test = new TestBean();
test.setId(2);
testDao.deleteTest(test);
}
@Override
public void updateTest() throws TestException {
//数据我是写死了的,并用工具类随机生成了新的测试数据,我只对id为2的测试数据进行了更新操作
TestBean test = new TestBean();
test.setId(2);
test.setTestData1(TestUtil.buildData());
test.setTestData2(TestUtil.buildData());
test.setTestData3(TestUtil.buildData());
test.setFlag("1");
}
}
TestSvcImpl.java
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随机生成测试数据的工具类:
package com.ssi.test.utils;
import java.util.Random;
public class TestUtil {
public static String buildData() {
//定义随机生成数据的元素集
String dataElement = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
Random random = new Random();
//生成随机数据
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sb.append(dataElement.charAt(random.nextInt(dataElement.length())));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
TestUtil.java
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最后是Dao层接口以及其实现类:
package com.ssi.test.dao;
import com.ssi.test.bean.TestBean;
import com.ssi.test.exception.TestException;
public interface TestDaoIfc {
public void addTest(TestBean test) throws TestException;
public void deleteTest(TestBean test) throws TestException;
public void updateTest(TestBean test) throws TestException;
}
TestDaoIfc.java
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package com.ssi.test.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.orm.ibatis.SqlMapClientTemplate;
import com.ssi.test.bean.TestBean;
import com.ssi.test.dao.TestDaoIfc;
import com.ssi.test.exception.TestException;
public class TestDaoImpl implements TestDaoIfc {
private SqlMapClientTemplate sqlMapClientTemplate;
public void setSqlMapClientTemplate(
SqlMapClientTemplate sqlMapClientTemplate) {
this.sqlMapClientTemplate = sqlMapClientTemplate;
}
@Override
public void addTest(TestBean test) throws TestException {
try {
sqlMapClientTemplate.insert("addQuery", test);
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new TestException("Database error");
}
}
@Override
public void deleteTest(TestBean test) throws TestException {
try {
sqlMapClientTemplate.delete("deleteQuery", test);
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new TestException("Database error");
}
}
@Override
public void updateTest(TestBean test) throws TestException {
try {
sqlMapClientTemplate.update("updateQuery", test);
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new TestException("Database error");
}
}
}
TestDaoImpl.java
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当然还有用于和数据库表映射的实体Bean:
package com.ssi.test.bean;
public class TestBean {
private Integer id;
private String testData1;
private String testData2;
private String testData3;
private String flag;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getTestData1() {
return testData1;
}
public void setTestData1(String testData1) {
this.testData1 = testData1;
}
public String getTestData2() {
return testData2;
}
public void setTestData2(String testData2) {
this.testData2 = testData2;
}
public String getTestData3() {
return testData3;
}
public void setTestData3(String testData3) {
this.testData3 = testData3;
}
public String getFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(String flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
}
TestBean.java
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晕,好像把顺序搞错了,最先应该出场的应该是数据库,好吧,赶紧补上。
在这里,我们建立了一个test的SEQUENCE和test的TABLE,具体Query如下:
CREATE SEQUENCE seq_test INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1 NOMAXvalue NOCYCLE NOCACHE; |
CREATE TABLE tb_test(
id int primary key,
test_data1 varchar(12) not null,
test_data2 varchar(12) not null,
test_data3 varchar(12),
flag varchar(1)
);
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关于SEQUENCE中的各种参数的说明,请参考下面这位大神的博客。
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a3ffb91101011yjj.html
OK,到目前为止,我们已经把基本要用到的类(除去一个Exception的类)都贴了出来,现在就是进行配置文件书写的时候了。
首先咱们来个log4j的配置文件(仅仅为Demo,所以网上copy的,具体的配置大家可以根据自己的口味进行修改):
log4j.rootLogger=info,Console,R
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.R.File=${catalina.home}/logs/tomcat.log
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm:ss} %5p %c{1}(%L):? %m%n
log4j.logger.org.apache=info,R
log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost]=DEBUG, R
log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina.core=info,R
log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina.session=info,R
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接下来,让我们先配置ibatis的配置文件SqlMapConfig.xml以及映射实体Bean和数据库表的Map文件TestMap.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE sqlMapConfig
PUBLIC "-//ibatis.apache.org//DTD SQL Map
Config 2.0//EN"
"http://ibatis.apache.org/dtd/sql-map-config-2.dtd">
<sqlMapConfig>
<sqlMap resource="com/ssi/test/bean/TestMap.xml"
/>
</sqlMapConfig>
SqlMapConfig.xml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE sqlMap PUBLIC "-//ibatis.apache.org//DTD SQL Map 2.0//EN" "http://ibatis.apache.org/dtd/sql-map-2.dtd">
<sqlMap>
<!-- TestBean Alias -->
<typeAlias alias="test" type="com.ssi.test.bean.TestBean"
/>
<!-- Query for add -->
<insert id="addQuery" parameterClass="test">
INSERT INTO tb_test
values(seq_test.Nextval,#testData1#,#testData2#,#testData3#,#flag#)
</insert>
<!-- Query for delete -->
<delete id="deleteQuery" parameterClass="test">
DELETE FROM tb_test
WHERE
id=#id#
</delete>
<!-- Query for update -->
<update id="updateQuery" parameterClass="test">
UPDATE tb_test SET
test_data1=#testData1#,test_data2=#testData2#,test_data3=#testData3#,flag=#flag#
WHERE id=#id#
</update>
</sqlMap>
TestMap.xml |
关于更多关于ibatis的配置和参数使用说明,大家可以去问问“谷”大哥。
配置完ibatis之后,大家可以配置spring的配置文件了,因为类和ibatis的文件都创建好了,所以这会儿配spring文件时很合适的,配置文件中有很多命名不是很规范的,所以大家请不要盲目效仿,应该遵循一些比较规范的命名规则:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <!-- DataSource --> <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl" /> <property name="username" value="test" /> <property name="password" value="test" /> <property name="maxWait" value="5000" /> <property name="initialSize" value="2" /> <property name="maxActive" value="10" /> <property name="maxIdle" value="3" /> <property name="minIdle" value="1" /> <property name="removeAbandoned" value="true" /> <property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="100" /> <property name="logAbandoned" value="false" /> </bean>
<!-- DataSource Transaction Manager -->
<bean id="txManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"
/>
</bean>
<!-- DataSource Transaction Manager -->
<bean id="testTM"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"
/>
</bean>
<!-- SqlMapClient -->
<bean id="sqlMapClient" class="org.springframework.orm.ibatis.SqlMapClientFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="/WEB-INF/SqlMapConfig.xml"
/>
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"
/>
</bean>
<!-- SqlMapClientTemplate -->
<bean id="sqlMapClientTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.ibatis.SqlMapClientTemplate">
<property name="sqlMapClient" ref="sqlMapClient"
/>
</bean>
<!-- TestDao -->
<bean id="testDao" class="com.ssi.test.dao.impl.TestDaoImpl">
<property name="sqlMapClientTemplate"
ref="sqlMapClientTemplate" />
</bean>
<!-- TestSvc -->
<bean id="testSvc" class="com.ssi.test.svc.impl.TestSvcImpl">
<property name="testDao" ref="testDao"
/>
</bean>
<!-- TestAction -->
<bean id="testAction" class="com.ssi.test.action.TestAction">
<property name="testSvc" ref="testSvc"
/>
</bean>
<!-- txAdvice -->
<tx:advice id="testAdvice" transaction-manager="testTM">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"
/>
<tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED"
/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"
/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- aop -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod"
expression="execution(* com.ssi.test.svc.*.*(..))"
/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="testAdvice"
pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" />
</aop:config>
</beans>
applicationContext.xml |
接着SSI就还差一个S了,那就是struts2的配置文件,由于是整合了spring,所以配置文件中
<constant name="struts.objectFactory"
value="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory"
/>
这句话尤为关键,在action中的class那里直接输入spring中配置好的Action的id就好了,至于另外一句<constan
....>大家可以不管,这个只是为了取消Struts2标签自带的一些样式罢了:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.objectFactory"
value="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory"
/>
<constant name="struts.ui.theme"
value="simple" />
<package name="default" extends="struts-default">
<action name="testAction" class="testAction">
<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
struts.xml |
接着,随便写两个页面,一个操作页面一个error页面,由于我的测试数据是在代码里生成的,所以页面上就三个按钮,直接触发后台的action:
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/"; %> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="styles/styles.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/xx.js"></script>
-->
</head>
<body>
<h3>Add Test Data</h3>
<s:form action="testAction!addTest"
method="post">
<s:submit value="Add Test" />
</s:form>
<hr />
<h3>Delete Test Data</h3>
<s:form action="testAction!deleteTest"
method="post">
<s:submit value="Delete Test" />
</s:form>
<hr />
<h3>Update Test Data</h3>
<s:form action="testAction!updateTest"
method="post">
<s:submit value="Update Test" />
</s:form>
<hr />
</body>
</html> |
error.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/"; %> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="styles/styles.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/xx.js"></script>
-->
</head>
<body>
<h3>
<s:property value="#request.msg"
/>
</h3>
</body>
</html> |
好了,所有的配置均已完成,让我启动万恶的Tomcat的吧,启动后的页面如下,哇靠,太丑了,不过将就了呗。
接下来,让我们点击Add Test,如果你出现了空白页面,如下,恭喜你,你的数据插入成功了(因为插入成功返回了一个null,没有相对于的页面,当然是空白的,哈哈):
为了添加更多的测试数据,让我们把url中action后面从冒号开始的字符串删掉,然后不停地点击再回车(重复提交这个action),这样就会向数据库插入若干的测试数据,在这里,就引申出如何防止重复提交的问题,关于这一点,还请大家继续咨询“谷”大哥。
打开数据库,看看刚才的杰作吧:
至此,一个SSI的Demo就算是搭建成功了,关于删除和更新,大家可以再去试试,因为是写死了,所以只会对id=2的这一条记录进行删除或更新的操作。
那么是否就此结束了呢,当然没有,起初做这个demo的时候是为了测试一下事务管理的功能,所以,让我们修改一下Dao层的代码,就拿deleteTest方法做测试吧,我直接把原有的try{}catch{}代码块删除掉,在进行删除作业后直接抛出一个自定义的异常,如图所示:
这样子的话当我点击页面的Delete Test的时候,页面应该跳转至error.jsp,数据库被删除掉的数据应该回滚,也就是id为2的值应该还存在,so,如下:
好的,事实证明一切都成功了,但在成功之前,我却先见过他妈咪,最开始页面也会跳转到error.jsp,但是数据库中的数据却被删除了,为什么呢,这个时候前文一直提到却没现身的Exception类该登场了。
package com.ssi.test.exception;
public class TestException extends RuntimeException {
public TestException() {
}
public TestException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
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在这里,大家注意,我的异常类是继承了RuntimeException而不是Excepetion,各位基础扎实和有经验的朋友或许明白我之前犯了什么错了,因为在成功之前,我的这个Exception继承的是Excpeition而非现在的RuntimeException,所以出现了页面跳转正确,事务管理失败的情况,至于为什么,请参考下面这位大神。http://java.chinaitlab.com/configure/899978.html
好了好了,不说了,都下班了,不足的还望大家指出。
忘了还有个最关键的东西,当然,大家熟悉web开发的话应该都知道,那就是web.xml的配置,记得把Struts2的核心filter和spring容器的listener加上:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>ssiTest</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> |
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