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Á÷ÐеÄ˵·¨ÊÇ LINQ ͬ C#(»òÕß VB)¼¯³ÉÔÚÁËÒ»Æ𣬹ʶøÏû³ýÁ˱à³ÌÓïÑÔºÍÊý¾Ý¿âÖ®¼äÅäºÏÉϵĺ蹵£¬Í¬Ê±Îª¶à¸öÊý¾ÝÔ´µÄ×éºÏÌṩÁ˵¥Ò»µÄ²éѯ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËäÈ»ÕâЩ¶¼ÊÇÊÂʵ£¬µ«½öÊǹÊʵÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£ºµ±Òª¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿â½øÐвéѯµÄʱºò£¬LINQ ÔÚ´ó¶àÊýÇé¿ö϶¼±È SQL ¸ü¼ÓÓÐЧ¡£

Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûÓгÁÄçÓÚ LINQ£¬¾Í»áÏëÕâÓÐɶ´ó¾ªÐ¡¹ÖµÄ¡£SQL ²¢Ã»Óлµµô£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´»¹Òª¶ÔËü½øÐÐÐÞ²¹ÄØ? ΪʲôÎÒÃÇ»¹ÐèÒªÁíÍâÒ»ÖÖ²éѯÓïÑÔÄØ?

Á÷ÐеÄ˵·¨ÊÇ LINQ ͬ C#(»òÕß VB)¼¯³ÉÔÚÁËÒ»Æ𣬹ʶøÏû³ýÁ˱à³ÌÓïÑÔºÍÊý¾Ý¿âÖ®¼äÅäºÏÉϵĺ蹵£¬Í¬Ê±Îª¶à¸öÊý¾ÝÔ´µÄ×éºÏÌṩÁ˵¥Ò»µÄ²éѯ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËäÈ»ÕâЩ¶¼ÊÇÊÂʵ£¬µ«½öÊǹÊʵÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£ºµ±Òª¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿â½øÐвéѯµÄʱºò£¬LINQ ÔÚ´ó¶àÊýÇé¿ö϶¼±È SQL ¸ü¼ÓÓÐЧ¡£

ͬ SQL Ïà±È£¬ LINQ ¸ü¼òµ¥¡¢Õû½à¶øÇҸ߼¶¡£ÕâÑù×Ó¸üÏñÊÇÄà C# ͬ C++ ×ö±È½Ï¡£ÕæµÄ£¬¾¡¹ÜÓÐʱºòʹÓà C++ ÈÔÈ»ÊÇ×îºÃµÄÑ¡Ôñ(±ÈÈçʹÓà SQL µÄ³¡¾°)£¬µ«ÔÚ´ó¶àÊý³¡¾°ÖУ¬Ê¹ÓÃÏÖ´úÕû½àµÄÓïÑÔ¶ø²»±ØΪµ×²ãϸ½Ú²Ù×÷¾ÍÊÇÒ»Ïî´óʤÀû¡£

SQL ÊÇÒ»Ãŷdz£¹ÅÀϵÄÓïÑÔ¡ª·¢Ã÷ÓÚ 1974 Äê¡£ËäÈ»¾­Àú¹ýÁËÎÞÊý´ËÀ©Õ¹£¬µ«´ÓÀ´Ã»Óб»ÖØÐÂÉè¼Æ¹ý¡£Õâ¾ÍʹµÃËüÓеã»ìÂÒÁË¡ª²»ÏñÊÇ VB6 »òÕß Visual FoxPro¡£ÄãÒ²ÐíÒѾ­ÂýÂý±äµÃÏ°¹ßÓÚ´ËÒò¶ø¿´²»µ½Èκδí©µÄµØ·½!

ÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Ò»¸öÀý×Ó¡£ÄãÏëÒª±àдһ¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ²éѯÀ´»ñÈ¡¿Í»§Êý¾Ý£¬ÈçÏ£º

SELECT UPPER(Name) 

FROM Customer

WHERE Name LIKE 'A%'

ORDER BY Name

ÏÖÔÚ¼ÙÉèÒª½«½á¹û¼¯ÀïµÄÕâЩÊý¾ÝÌṩ¸øÒ»¸öÍøÒ³£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃÇÏë»ñÈ¡µÚ 21 µ½ 30 ÐÐÊý¾Ý¡£ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÒ»¸ö×Ó²éѯ£º

SELECT UPPER(Name) FROM 

(

SELECT *, RN = row_number()

OVER (ORDER BY Name)

FROM Customer

WHERE Name LIKE 'A%'

) A

WHERE RN BETWEEN 21 AND 30

ORDER BY Name

¶øÈç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÖ§³Ö°æ±¾(ÔÚ SQL Server 2005 ֮ǰµÄ)¸üÀϵÄÊý¾Ý¿â£¬Çé¿ö»á¸üÔã¸â:

SELECT TOP 10 UPPER (c1.Name) 

FROM Customer c1

WHERE

c1.Name LIKE 'A%'

AND c1.ID NOT IN

(

SELECT TOP 20 c2.ID

FROM Customer c2

WHERE c2.Name LIKE 'A%'

ORDER BY c2.Name

)

ORDER BY c1.Name

ÕâÑù×ö²»½ö¸´ÔÓ¶ø»ìÂÒ£¬¶øÇÒҲΥ±³ÁË DRY Ô­Ôò¡£ÈçÏÂÊÇʹÓà LINQ ʵÏÖÏàͬµÄ²éѯ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÏÔÈ»ÔÚ¼òµ¥ÐÔÉϸüʤһ³ï£º

var query = 

from c in db.Customers

where c.Name.StartsWith ("A")

orderby c.Name

select c.Name.ToUpper();
var thirdPage = query.Skip(20).Take(10);

Ö»Óе±ÎÒÃÇö¾Ùµ½ thirdPage ʱ£¬²éѯ²Å»áʵ¼ÊÖ´ÐС£ÔÚ´Ó LINQ µ½ SQL »òÕß Entity Framework µÄ³¡¾°ÖУ¬·­ÒëÒýÇæ»á½«(ÎÒÃÇÓÃÁ½¸ö²½Öè×éºÏ¶ø³ÉµÄ)²éѯת»»³ÉÒ»¸ö SQL Óï¾ä£¬Õâ¸öÓï¾äÊÇÕë¶ÔÆäËùÁ¬½ÓµÄÊý¾Ý¿â·þÎñÆ÷½øÐÐÁËÓÅ»¯µÄ¡£

¿É×éºÏÐÔ

Äú¿ÉÄÜÒѾ­×¢Òâµ½ LINQ µÄÁíÒ»¸ö¸ü΢Ãî(΢ÃÒâÒåÖØ´ó)µÄºÃ´¦¡£ÎÒÃÇÑ¡ÔñÁË×éºÏÖеÄÁ½¸ö²éѯ²½Ö裺

IQueryable Paginate (this IQueryable query, int skip, int take) 

{

return query.Skip(skip).Take(take);

}

ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º

var query = ... 

var thirdPage = query.Paginate (20, 10);

¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬ÔÚÕâÀïÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐÈÎÒâµÄ·ÖÒ³²éѯ¡£»»ÑÔÖ®¾ÍÊÇͨ¹ý LINQ Äã¿ÉÒ԰Ѳéѯ·Ö½â³ÉÒ»²¿·Ö£¬È»ºóÔÚÄãµÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÖÐÖØÓá£

ÁªºÏ

LINQ ÁíÒ»ºÃ´¦¾ÍÊÇÄã¿ÉÒÔ²»Óà JOIN ¾ÍÄܽøÐйØϵ¼ä²éѯ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÎÒÃÇÏëÒªÁгöËùÓйºÎïÔÚ $1000 »òÕßÒÔÉÏ£¬²¢ÇÒ¾ÓסÔÚ»ªÊ¢¶ÙµÄ¹Ë¿Í¡£ÎÒÃÇ»á¼Ù¶¨ÈùºÂòÏîÄ¿»¯(Ò²¾ÍÊǾ­µäµÄ²É¹º/ÏîÄ¿²É¹º³¡¾°)²¢ÇÒ°Ñ(ûÓй˿ͼǼµÄ)ÏÖ½ðÏúÊÛÒ²ÄÒÀ¨½øÀ´¡£Õâ¾ÍÐèÒªÔÚËĸö±í(Purchase, Customer, Address ÒÔ¼° PurchaseItem)Ö®¼ä½øÐвéѯ¡£Ê¹Óà LINQ£¬ÕâÑùµÄ²éѯ²»·Ñ´µ»ÒÖ®Á¦£º

from p in db.Purchases 

where p.Customer.Address.State == "WA" || p.Customer == null

where p.PurchaseItems.Sum (pi => pi.SaleAmount) > 1000

select p

½«´ËÓëͬµÈ¹¦ÄÜµÄ SQL Ïà±È½Ï£º

SELECT p.* 

FROM Purchase p

LEFT OUTER JOIN

Customer c INNER JOIN Address a ON c.AddressID = a.ID

ON p.CustomerID = c.ID

WHERE

(a.State = 'WA' || p.CustomerID IS NULL)

AND p.ID in

(

SELECT PurchaseID FROM PurchaseItem

GROUP BY PurchaseID HAVING SUM (SaleAmount) > 1000

)

¶Ô´ËÀý½øÒ»²½À©Õ¹£¬¼ÙÉèÎÒÃÇÏëÒª½«½á¹û¼¯°´¼Û¸ñ½øÐÐÄæÐòÅÅÁУ¬²¢ÔÚ×îÖÕµÄͶӰÖÐÏÔʾÏúÊÛÔ±µÄÐÕÃûÒÔ¼°Ëù¹ºÂòÏîÄ¿µÄÊýÁ¿¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÈ»²»Öظ´µØ±í´ï³öÕâЩ¸½¼þµÄ²éѯÌõ¼þ£º

from p in db.Purchases 

where p.Customer.Address.State == "WA" || p.Customer == null

let purchaseValue = p.PurchaseItems.Sum (pi => pi.SaleAmount)

where purchaseValue > 1000

orderby purchaseValue descending

select new

{

p.Description,

p.Customer.SalesPerson.Name,

PurchaseItemCount = p.PurchaseItems.Count()

}

ÏÂÃæÊÇʹÓà SQL ʵÏÖÏàͬµÄ²éѯ£º

SELECT  

p.Description,

s.Name,

(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM PurchaseItem pi WHERE p.ID = pi.PurchaseID) PurchaseItemCount

FROM Purchase p

LEFT OUTER JOIN

Customer c

INNER JOIN Address a ON c.AddressID = a.ID

LEFT OUTER JOIN SalesPerson s ON c.SalesPersonID = s.ID

ON p.CustomerID = c.ID

WHERE

(a.State = 'WA' OR p.CustomerID IS NULL)

AND p.ID in

(

SELECT PurchaseID FROM PurchaseItem

GROUP BY PurchaseID HAVING SUM (SaleAmount) > 1000

)

ORDER BY

(SELECT SUM (SaleAmount) FROM PurchaseItem pi WHERE p.ID = pi.PurchaseID) DESC

ÓÐÒâ˼µÄÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ½«ÉÏÊö SQL ²éѯת»»»Øµ½ LINQ£¬ËùÉú³ÉµÄ²éѯÿһ¿é¶¼»áÓÐɵ¹ÏʽÖظ´¡£ÂÛ̳Àï³£»áÌù³öÕâÑùµÄ²éѯ(ͨ³£ÊǷǹ¤×÷µÄ°æ±¾)¡ª¡ªÕâÊÇÓà SQL ½øÐÐ˼¿¼¶ø²»ÊÇÒÔ LINQ ½øÐÐ˼¿¼µÄ½á¹û¡£Õâ¾ÍÏñÊÇÊǽ« Fortran ³ÌÐòת»»³É C# 6 ʱ»á±§Ô¹ GOTO µÄ±¿×¾Óï·¨Ò»Ñù¡£

Êý¾ÝÐÞÕû

ÔÚ²éѯÁªºÏÖдӶà¸ö±íÑ¡ÔñÊý¾Ý ¨C ×îÖյĽá¹û»áÊÇÒ»¸ö±âƽµÄÒÔÐÐΪµ¥Î»µÄÔª×é¡£Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÃÁ˶àÄêµÄ SQL£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÈÏΪÕâÖÖʲ»»á·¢ÉúÔÚÄãÉíÉÏ¡ª¡ªËüµ¼ÖÂÊý¾ÝÖظ´£¬´Ó¶øʹµÃ½á¹û¼¯ÎÞ·¨ÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÜºÃµØʹÓá£ËùÒÔµ±Ëü·¢ÉúʱÍùÍùÄÑÒÔ½ÓÊÜ¡£Óë´ËÏà·´£¬LINQ ÈÃÄã¿ÉÒÔ»ñÈ¡µ½ÐÝÕû¹ýµÄ·Ö²ã¼¶µÄÊý¾Ý¡£Õâ¾Í±ÜÃâÁËÖظ´£¬Èýá¹û¼¯ÈÝÒ×´¦Àí£¬¶øÇÒÔÚ´ó¶àÊýÇé¿öÏÂÒ²»áÏû³ý½øÐÐÁªºÏ²Ù×÷µÄ±ØÒª¡£ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÎÒÃÇÏëÒªÌáÈ¡Ò»×é¹Ë¿Í£¬Ã¿Ò»Ìõ¼Ç¼¶¼´øÉÏÁËËüÃǵĸ߼ÛÖµ½»Òס£Ê¹Óà LINQ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º

from c in db.Customers 

where c.Address.State == "WA"

select new

{

c.Name,

c.CustomerNumber,

HighValuePurchases = c.Purchases.Where (p => p.Price > 1000)

}

HighValuePurchases£¬ÔÚÕâÀïÊÇÒ»¸ö¼¯ºÏ¡£ÓÉÓÚÎÒÃDzéѯµÄÊÇÒ»¸öÏà¹ØÊôÐÔ£¬¾Í²»ÐèÒª½øÐÐÁªºÏÁË¡£Òò´ËÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÄÚÁªºÏ»¹ÊÇÍâÁªºÏµÄϸ½ÚÎÊÌâ¾Í±»ºÜºÃµÄ³éÏóµôÁË¡£ÔÚ´ËÀýÖУ¬µ±·­Òë³ÉÁË SQL£¬¿ÉÄܾÍÊÇÒ»¸öÍâÁªºÏ£ºLINQ ²»»áÒòΪ×Ó¼¯ºÏ·µ»ØµÄÊÇÁã¸öÔªËؾÍÅųýÐС£Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÏëÒªÓÐÒ»¸ö¿ÉÒÔ·­Òë³ÉÒ»¸öÄÚÁªºÏµÄ¶«Î÷£¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö:

from c in db.Customers 

where c.Address.State == "WA"

let HighValuePurchases = c.Purchases.Where (p => p.Price > 1000)
where HighValuePurchases.Any()select new

{

c.Name,

c.CustomerNumber,

HighValuePurchases

}

LINQ »¹Í¨¹ýÒ»×é·á¸»µÄ²Ù×÷·û¶ÔƽÃæÍâÁªºÏ¡¢×ÔÁªºÏ¡¢×é²éѯÒÔ¼°ÆäËü¸÷ÖÖ²»Í¬ÀàÐͲéѯ½øÐÐÁËÖ§³Ö¡£

²ÎÊý»¯

Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÏëÒª½«Ö®Ç°µÄÀý×Ó²ÎÊý»¯»áÈçºÎÄØ£¬Èç´Ë¡±WA¡±×´Ì¬ÊDz»ÊǾÍÒªÀ´×ÔÓÚÒ»¸ö±äÁ¿ÄØ? ÆäʵÎÒÃÇÖ»ÒªÏñÏÂÃæÕâÑù×ö¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË:

string state = "WA"; 

var query =

from c in db.Customers

where c.Address.State == state

²»»á»ìÏý DbCommand ¶ÔÏóÉÏÃæµÄ²ÎÊý£¬»òÕßµ£ÐÄ SQL ×¢Èë¹¥»÷¡£ LINQ µÄ²ÎÊý»¯ÊÇÄÚÁª¡¢ÀàÐÍ°²È«²¢ÇҸ߶ȿɶÁµÄ¡£Ëü²»½ö½â¾öÁËÎÊÌ⡪¡ª¶øÇÒ½â¾öµÃºÜ²»´í¡£

ÒòΪ LINQ ²éѯʱ¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐ×éºÏ£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÐÌõ¼þµÄÌí¼Óν´Ê¡£ÀýÈ磬ÎÒÃÇд³öÒ»¸ö·½·¨£¬ÈçÏ£º

IQueryable GetCustomers (string state, decimal? minPurchase) 

{

var query = Customers.AsQueryable();

if (state != null)

query = query.Where (c => c.Address.State == state);

if (minPurchase != null)

query = query.Where (c => c.Purchases.Any (p => p.Price > minPurchase.Value));

return query;

}

Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇʹÓÃ¿ÕµÄ state ÒÔ¼° minPurchase Öµµ÷ÓÃÁËÕâ¸ö·½·¨£¬ÄÇôÔÚÎÒÃÇö¾Ù½á¹û¼¯µÄʱºòÈçÏ SQL ¾Í»á±»Éú³É³öÀ´£º

SELECT [t0].[ID], [t0].[Name], [t0].[AddressID] 

FROM [Customer] AS [t0]

²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÖ¸¶¨ÁË state ºÍ minPurchase µÄÖµ£¬LINQ µ½ SQL ¾Í²»Ö»ÊÇÏò²éѯÌí¼ÓÁËν´Ê£¬»¹»áÓбØÒªµÄÁªºÏÓï¾ä£º

SELECT [t0].[ID], [t0].[Name], [t0].[AddressID] 
 
FROM [Customer] AS [t0] 
 
LEFT OUTER JOIN [Address] AS [t1] ON [t1].[ID] = [t0].[AddressID] 
 
WHERE (EXISTS( 
 
    SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY] 
 
    FROM [Purchase] AS [t2] 
 
    WHERE ([t2].[Price] > @p0) AND ([t2].[CustomerID] = [t0].[ID]) 
 
    )) AND ([t1].[State] = @p1) 

ÒòΪÎÒÃǵķ½·¨·µ»ØÁËÒ»¸ö IQueryable£¬²éѯÔÚö¾Ùµ½Ö®Ç°²¢²»»á±»Êµ¼ÊµØת»»³É SQL ²¢¼ÓÒÔÖ´ÐС£ÕâÑù¾Í¸øÁ˵÷ÓýøÒ»²½Ìí¼Óν´Ê¡¢·ÖÒ³¡¢×Ô¶¨ÒåͶӰµÈµÈµÄ»ú»á¡£

¾²Ì¬ÀàÐÍ°²È«

ÔÚ֮ǰµÄ²éѯÖУ¬Èç¹ûÎÒÃǽ« state ±äÁ¿ÉùÃ÷³ÉÁËÒ»¸öÕûÐÍÊý¶ø²»ÊÇÒ»¸ö×Ö·û´®£¬ÄÇô²éѯ¿ÉÄÜÔÚ±àÒëʱ¾Í»á±¨´í£¬¶ø²»Óõȵ½ÔËÐÐʱ¡£Õâ¸öҲͬÑùÊÊÓÃÓڰѱíÃû»òÕßÁÐÃûŪ´íµÄÇé¿ö¡£ÕâÔÚÖع¹Ê±ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜʵÔڵĺô¦£ºÈç¹ûÄãûÓÐÍê³ÉÊÖÍ·µÄ¹¤×÷£¬±àÒëÆ÷»á¸ø³öÌáʾ¡£

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ʲôʱºò²»Óà LINQ È¥²éѯÊý¾Ý¿â

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ÐèÒªÊÖ¶¯µ÷ÕûµÄ²éѯ (ÌØÊâÊÇÐèÒªÓÅ»¯ºÍ½øÐÐËø¶¨ÌáʾµÄʱºò);

ÓÐЩÉæ¼°µ½Òª select ÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºóÓÖÒª¶ÔÄÇЩ±í½øÐвéѯ²Ù×÷µÄ²éѯ;

Ô¤ÖªµÄ¸üÐÂÒÔ¼°ÅúÁ¿²åÈë²Ù×÷¡£

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