±à¼ÍƼö: |
±¾ÎÄÀ´×ÔÓÚÊ×ϯ¼Ü¹¹Ê¦ÖÇ¿â,±¾ÎĽ«½éÉÜDDDµÄһЩÖ÷Ҫģʽ£¬Á˽âһЩÐÂÊÖËƺõºÜÄѽâ¾öµÄÎÊÌ⣬²¢Öصã½éÉÜһЩ¹¤¾ßºÍ×ÊÔ´£¨ÌرðÊÇÒ»¸ö£©£¬ÒÔ°ïÖúÄúÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖÐÓ¦ÓÃDDD¡£ |
|
½ñÌìµÄÆóÒµÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÎÞÒÉÊǸ´Ôӵģ¬²¢ÒÀÀµÒ»Ð©×¨Ãż¼Êõ£¨³Ö¾ÃÐÔ£¬AJAX£¬Web·þÎñµÈ£©À´Íê³ÉËüÃǵŤ×÷¡£×÷Ϊ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±£¬ÎÒÃÇÇãÏòÓÚ¹Ø×¢ÕâЩ¼¼Êõϸ½ÚÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÀí½âµÄ¡£µ«ÊÂʵÊÇ£¬Ò»¸ö²»Äܽâ¾öÒµÎñÐèÇóµÄϵͳ¶ÔÈκÎÈ˶¼Ã»ÓÐÓã¬ÎÞÂÛËü¿´ÆðÀ´¶àôƯÁÁ»òÕßÈçºÎºÜºÃµØ¹¹½¨Æä»ù´¡ÉèÊ©¡£
ÁìÓòÇý¶¯Éè¼Æ£¨DDD£©µÄÀíÄî - Ê×ÏÈÓÉEric EvansÔÚËûµÄͬÃûÊé[1]ÖÐÃèÊö - ÊǹØÓÚ½«ÎÒÃǵÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦·ÅÔÚÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄºËÐÄ£¬¹Ø×¢ÒµÎñÁìÓò¹ÌÓеĸ´ÔÓÐÔ±¾Éí¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹½«ºËÐÄÓò£¨ÒµÎñ¶ÀÓУ©ÓëÖ§³Ö×ÓÓò£¨Í¨³£ÊÇͨÓõģ¬Èç½ðÇ®»òʱ¼ä£©Çø·Ö¿ªÀ´£¬²¢½«¸ü¶àµÄÉè¼Æ¹¤×÷·ÅÔÚºËÐÄÉÏ¡£
ÓòÇý¶¯Éè¼Æ°üº¬Ò»×éÓÃÓÚ´ÓÓòÄ£Ð͹¹½¨ÆóÒµÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄģʽ¡£ÔÚÄúµÄÈí¼þÉúÑÄÖУ¬Äú¿ÉÄÜÒѾÓöµ½¹ýÐí¶àÕâÑùµÄÏë·¨£¬ÌرðÊÇÈç¹ûÄúÊÇOOÓïÑԵľÑé·á¸»µÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±¡£µ«½«ËüÃÇÒ»ÆðÓ¦Óý«ÔÊÐíÄú¹¹½¨ÕæÕýÂú×ãÒµÎñÐèÇóµÄϵͳ¡£
´úÂëºÍÄ£ÐÍ......
ʹÓÃDDD£¬ÎÒÃÇÏ£Íû´´½¨ÎÊÌâÓòµÄÄ£ÐÍ¡£³Ö¾ÃÐÔ£¬Óû§½çÃæºÍÏûÏ¢´«µÝµÄ¶«Î÷¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒÔºó³öÏÖ£¬ÕâÊÇÐèÒªÀí½âµÄÁìÓò£¬ÒòΪÕýÔÚ¹¹½¨µÄϵͳÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÇø·Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÒµÎñÓ뾺Õù¶ÔÊÖ¡£
£¨Èç¹û²»ÊÇÕâÑù£¬ÄÇô¿¼ÂǹºÂò°ü×°²úÆ·£©¡£
°´Ä£ÐÍ£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÊÇָͼ±í»òÒ»×éͼ±í;È·¶¨£¬Í¼±íºÜÓÐÓ㬵«ËüÃDz»ÊÇÄ£ÐÍ£¬Ö»ÊÇÄ£Ð͵IJ»Í¬ÊÓͼ£¨²Î¼ûͼ£©¡£²»£¬Ä£ÐÍÊÇÎÒÃÇÑ¡ÔñÔÚÈí¼þÖÐʵÏֵĸÅÄ£¬ÒÔ´úÂëºÍÓÃÓÚ¹¹½¨½»¸¶ÏµÍ³µÄÈκÎÆäËûÈí¼þ¹¤¼þ±íʾ¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬´úÂë¾ÍÊÇÄ£ÐÍ¡£Îı¾±à¼Æ÷ÌṩÁËÒ»ÖÖʹÓôËÄ£Ð͵ķ½·¨£¬¾¡¹ÜÏÖ´ú¹¤¾ßÒ²ÌṩÁË´óÁ¿ÆäËû¿ÉÊÓ»¯£¨UMLÀàͼ£¬ÊµÌå¹Øϵͼ£¬Spring
beandocs [2]£¬Struts / JSFÁ÷µÈ£©¡£
Figure 1: Model vs Views of the Model
ÕâÊÇDDDģʽµÄµÚÒ»¸ö£ºÄ£ÐÍÇý¶¯Éè¼Æ£¨model-driven design£©¡£ÕâÒâζ×ÅÄܹ»½«Ä£ÐÍÖеĸÅÄîÓ³Éäµ½Éè¼Æ/´úÂëµÄ¸ÅÄÀíÏëÇé¿öÏ£©¡£Ä£Ð͵ı仯Òâζ×Å´úÂëµÄ±ä»¯;¸ü¸Ä´úÂëÒâζ×ÅÄ£ÐÍÒѸü¸Ä¡£
DDD²¢Ã»ÓÐÇ¿ÖÆÒªÇóÄúʹÓÃÃæÏò¶ÔÏóÀ´¹¹½¨Óò - ÀýÈ磬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓùæÔòÒýÇæ¹¹½¨Ä£ÐÍ - µ«¼øÓÚÖ÷Á÷ÆóÒµ±à³ÌÓïÑÔÊÇ»ùÓÚOOµÄ£¬´ó¶àÊýÄ£Ðͱ¾ÖÊÉ϶¼ÊÇOO¡£±Ï¾¹£¬OO»ùÓÚ½¨Ä£·¶Àý¡£Ä£Ð͵ĸÅÄ±íʾΪÀàºÍ½Ó¿Ú£¬×÷ΪÀà³ÉÔ±µÄÖ°Ôð¡£
ÓïÑÔ
ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿´Ò»ÏÂÓòÇý¶¯Éè¼ÆµÄÁíÒ»¸ö»ù±¾ÔÔò¡£»Ø¹ËһϣºÎÒÃÇÏëÒª¹¹½¨Ò»¸ö²¶»ñÕýÔÚ¹¹½¨µÄϵͳµÄÎÊÌâÓòµÄÓòÄ£ÐÍ£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǽ«ÔÚ´úÂë/Èí¼þ¹¤¼þÖбí´ïÕâÖÖÀí½â¡£ÎªÁË°ïÖúÎÒÃÇ×öµ½ÕâÒ»µã£¬DDDÌᳫÁìÓòר¼ÒºÍ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓÐÒâʶµØʹÓÃÄ£ÐÍÖеĸÅÄî½øÐйµÍ¨¡£Òò´Ë£¬Óòר¼Ò²»»á¸ù¾ÝÆÁÄ»»ò²Ëµ¥ÏîÉϵÄ×Ö¶ÎÃèÊöеÄÓû§¹ÊÊ£¬¶øÊÇÌÖÂÛÓò¶ÔÏóËùÐèµÄ»ù´¡ÊôÐÔ»òÐÐΪ¡£ÀàËƵأ¬¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±²»»áÌÖÂÛÊý¾Ý¿â±íÖеÄÀà»òÁеÄÐÂʵÀý±äÁ¿¡£
ÑϸñÒªÇóÎÒÃÇ¿ª·¢Ò»ÖÖÆÕÊÀµÄÓïÑÔ£¨ubiquitous language£©¡£Èç¹ûÒ»¸öÏë·¨²»ÄÜÇáÒ×±í´ï£¬ÄÇôËü±íÃ÷ÁËÒ»¸ö¸ÅÄÕâ¸ö¸ÅÄîÔÚÁìÓòÄ£ÐÍÖÐȱʧ£¬²¢ÇÒÍŶӹ²Í¬Å¬Á¦ÕÒ³öȱʧµÄ¸ÅÄîÊÇʲô¡£Ò»µ©½¨Á¢ÁËÕâ¸ö£¬ÄÇôÊý¾Ý¿â±íÖеÄÆÁÄ»»òÁÐÉϵÄÐÂ×ֶξͻá¼ÌÐøÏÔʾ¡£
ÏñDDDÒ»Ñù£¬ÕâÖÖ¿ª·¢ÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚµÄÓïÑÔµÄÏë·¨²¢²»ÊÇÒ»¸öÐÂÏë·¨£ºXPers³Æ֮Ϊ¡°Ãû³Æϵͳ¡±£¬¶àÄêÀ´DBA½«Êý¾Ý×Öµä×éºÏÔÚÒ»Æð¡£µ«ÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚµÄÓïÑÔÊÇÒ»¸öÁîÈË»ØζµÄÊõÓ¿ÉÒÔ³öÊÛ¸øÉÌÒµºÍ¼¼ÊõÈËÔ±¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬¡°Õû¸öÍŶӡ±Ãô½Ýʵ¼ùÕýÔÚ³ÉΪÖ÷Á÷£¬ÕâÒ²ºÜÓÐÒâÒå¡£
Ä£ÐͺÍÉÏÏÂÎÄ......
ÿµ±ÎÒÃÇÌÖÂÛÄ£ÐÍʱ£¬Ëü×ÜÊÇÔÚijÖÖÇé¿öÏ¡£Í¨³£¿ÉÒÔ´ÓʹÓøÃϵͳµÄ×îÖÕÓû§¼¯Íƶϳö¸ÃÉÏÏÂÎÄ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÐÒ»¸ö²¿Êðµ½½»Ò×Ô±µÄǰ̨½»Ò×ϵͳ£¬»ò³¬ÊÐÊÕÒøԱʹÓõÄÏúÊÛµãϵͳ¡£ÕâЩÓû§ÒÔÌض¨·½Ê½ÓëÄ£Ð͵ĸÅÄîÏà¹Ø£¬²¢ÇÒÄ£Ð͵ÄÊõÓï¶ÔÕâЩÓû§ÓÐÒâÒ壬µ«²»Ò»¶¨¶Ô¸ÃÉÏÏÂÎÄÖ®ÍâµÄÈκÎÆäËûÈËÓÐÒâÒå¡£
DDD³Æ֮ΪÓнçÉÏÏÂÎÄ£¨BC£©¡£Ã¿¸öÓòÄ£ÐͶ¼Ö»´æÔÚÓÚÒ»¸öBCÖУ¬¶øBCÖ»°üº¬Ò»¸öÓòÄ£ÐÍ¡£
ÎÒ±ØÐë³ÐÈÏ£¬µ±ÎÒµÚÒ»´Î¶Áµ½¹ØÓÚBCʱ£¬ÎÒ¿´²»³öÕâÒ»µã£ºÈç¹ûBCÓëÓòÄ£ÐÍͬ¹¹£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´ÒªÒýÈëÒ»¸öÐÂÊõÓÈç¹ûÖ»ÓÐÓëBCÏ໥×÷ÓõÄ×îÖÕÓû§£¬Ôò¿ÉÄܲ»ÐèÒªÕâ¸öÊõÓȻ¶ø£¬²»Í¬µÄϵͳ£¨BC£©Ò²Ï໥½»»¥£¬·¢ËÍÎļþ£¬´«µÝÏûÏ¢£¬µ÷ÓÃAPIµÈ¡£Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÖªµÀÓÐÁ½¸öBCÏ໥½»»¥£¬ÄÇôÎÒÃÇÖªµÀÎÒÃDZØÐë×¢ÒâÔÚÒ»¸ö¸ÅÄîÖ®¼ä½øÐÐת»»¡£ÁìÓòºÍÆäËûÁìÓò¡£
ÔÚÄ£ÐÍÖÜΧÉèÖÃÃ÷È·µÄ±ß½çÒ²Òâζ×ÅÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿ªÊ¼ÌÖÂÛÕâЩBCÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬DDDÈ·¶¨ÁËBCÖ®¼äµÄÒ»ÕûÌ×¹Øϵ£¬Òò´Ëµ±ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª½«²»Í¬µÄBCÁ´½ÓÔÚÒ»Æðʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔºÏÀíµØÈ·¶¨Ó¦¸Ã×öʲô£º
ÒÑ·¢²¼µÄÓïÑÔ£º½»»¥Ê½BCs¾Í¹²Í¬µÄÓïÑÔ£¨ÀýÈçÆóÒµ·þÎñ×ÜÏßÉϵÄÒ»¶ÑXMLģʽ£©´ï³ÉÒ»Ö£¬Í¨¹ýËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÏ໥½»»¥;
¿ª·ÅÖ÷»ú·þÎñ£ºBCÖ¸¶¨ÈκÎÆäËûBC¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÆä·þÎñµÄÐÒ飨ÀýÈçRESTful Web·þÎñ£©;
¹²ÏíÄںˣºÁ½¸öBCʹÓÃÒ»¸ö¹²Í¬µÄ´úÂëÄںˣ¨ÀýÈçÒ»¸ö¿â£©×÷Ϊһ¸öͨÓõÄͨÓÃÓïÑÔ£¬µ«ÊÇ·ñÔòÒÔËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÌض¨·½Ê½Ö´ÐÐÆäËûµÄ¶«Î÷;
¿Í»§/¹©Ó¦ÉÌ£ºÒ»¸öBCʹÓÃÁíÒ»¸öBCµÄ·þÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÊÇÁíÒ»¸öBCµÄÀûÒæÏà¹ØÕߣ¨¿Í»§£©¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÓ°Ïì¸ÃBCÌṩµÄ·þÎñ;
˳´ÓÕߣºÒ»¸öBCʹÓÃÁíÒ»¸öBCµÄ·þÎñ£¬µ«²»ÊÇÆäËûBCµÄÀûÒæÏà¹ØÕß¡£Òò´Ë£¬ËüʹÓá°ÔÑù¡±£¨·ûºÏ£©BCÌṩµÄÐÒé»òAPI;
·´¸¯Ê´²ã£ºÒ»¸öBCʹÓÃÁíÒ»¸ö·þÎñ¶ø²»ÊÇÀûÒæÏà¹ØÕߣ¬µ«Ö¼ÔÚͨ¹ýÒýÈëÒ»×éÊÊÅäÆ÷ - Ò»¸ö·´¸¯°Ü²ãÀ´×îС»¯ËüËùÒÀÀµµÄBC±ä»¯µÄÓ°Ïì¡£
Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÁбíÖУ¬Á½¸öBCÖ®¼äµÄºÏ×÷ˮƽÖð½¥½µµÍ£¨¼ûͼ2£©¡£Ê¹ÓÃÒÑ·¢²¼µÄÓïÑÔ£¨published
language£©£¬ÎÒÃÇ´ÓBC½¨Á¢Ò»¸öËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ»¥¶¯µÄ¹²Í¬±ê×¼¿ªÊ¼;¼È²»ÓµÓÐÕâÖÖÓïÑÔ£¬¶øÊÇÓÉËûÃÇËù¾ÓסµÄÆóÒµËùÓµÓУ¨ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÐÐÒµ±ê×¼£©¡£ÓÐÁË¿ª·ÅÖ÷»ú·þÎñ£¨open
host£©£¬ÎÒÃÇÈÔÈ»×öµÃºÜºÃ; BCÌṩÆä×÷ΪÈκÎÆäËûBCµ÷ÓõÄÔËÐÐʱ·þÎñµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬µ«ÊÇ£¨¿ÉÄÜ£©Ëæ×Å·þÎñµÄ·¢Õ¹½«±£³ÖÏòºó¼æÈÝÐÔ¡£
Figure 2: Spectrum of Bounded Context Relationship
È»¶ø£¬µ±ÎÒÃÇ×ßÏò˳´Óʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÖ»ÊǺÍÎÒÃÇÒ»ÆðÉú»î; Ò»¸öBCÃ÷ÏÔÇü·þÓÚÁíÒ»¸ö¡£ Èç¹ûÎÒÃDZØÐëÓ빺ÂòmegabucksµÄ×Ü·ÖÀàÕÊϵͳ¼¯³É£¬ÄÇ¿ÉÄܾÍÊÇÎÒÃÇËù´¦µÄÇé¿ö¡£Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇʹÓ÷´¸¯°Ü²ã£¬ÄÇôÎÒÃÇͨ³£»áÓëÒÅÁôϵͳ¼¯³É£¬µ«ÊÇ
¶îÍâµÄ²ã½«ÎÒÃǾ¡¿ÉÄܵظôÀ뿪À´¡£ µ±È»£¬ÕâÐèÒª»¨Ç®À´ÊµÊ©£¬µ«Ëü½µµÍÁËÒÀÀµ·çÏÕ¡£ ·´¸¯°Ü²ãÒ²±ÈÖØÐÂʵÏÖÒÅÁôϵͳ±ãÒ˺ܶ࣬Õâ×î¶à»á·ÖÉ¢ÎÒÃǶԺËÐÄÓòµÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦£¬×µÄÇé¿öÊÇÒÔʧ°Ü¸æÖÕ¡£
DDD½¨ÒéÎÒÃÇÖƶ¨Ò»¸öÉÏÏÂÎÄͼ£¨context map t£©À´Ê¶±ðÎÒÃǵÄBCÒÔ¼°ÎÒÃÇÒÀÀµ»òÒÀÀµµÄBC£¬ÒÔÈ·¶¨ÕâЩÒÀÀµ¹ØϵµÄÐÔÖÊ¡£
ͼ3ÏÔʾÁËÎÒ¹ýÈ¥5Äê×óÓÒÒ»Ö±ÔÚÑо¿µÄϵͳµÄÉÏÏÂÎÄÓ³Éä¡£
Figure 3: Context Mapping Example
ËùÓÐÕâЩ¹ØÓÚ±³¾°Í¼ºÍBCµÄÌÖÂÛÓÐʱ±»³ÆΪսÂÔÐÔDDD£¨ strategic DDD£©£¬²¢ÇÒÓгä·ÖµÄÀíÓÉ¡£
±Ï¾¹£¬µ±ÄãÏëµ½Ëüʱ£¬ÅªÇå³þBCÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØϵÊǷdz£ÕþÖεģºÎÒµÄϵͳ½«ÒÀÀµÄÄЩÉÏÓÎϵͳ£¬ÎÒÊÇ·ñÈÝÒ×ÓëËüÃǼ¯³É£¬ÎÒÊÇ·ñÄܹ»ÀûÓÃËüÃÇ£¬ÎÒÏàÐÅËüÃÇÂð£¿
ÏÂÓÎÒ²ÊÇÈç´Ë£ºÄÄЩϵͳ½«Ê¹ÓÃÎҵķþÎñ£¬ÎÒÈçºÎ½«ÎҵŦÄÜ×÷Ϊ·þÎñ¹«¿ª£¬ËûÃÇ»á¶ÔÎÒÓÐÀûÂ𣿠Îó½âÁËÕâÒ»µã£¬ÄúµÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¿ÉÄܺÜÈÝÒ×ʧ°Ü¡£
²ãºÍÁù±ßÐÎ
ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃÇתÏòÄÚ²¿²¢¿¼ÂÇÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄBC£¨ÏµÍ³£©µÄ¼Ü¹¹¡£ ´Ó¸ù±¾ÉÏ˵£¬DDDÖ»¹ØÐÄÓò²ã£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬Ëü¶ÔÆäËû²ãÓкܶ໰Ҫ˵£º±íʾ£¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò»ò»ù´¡¼Ü¹¹£¨»ò³Ö¾Ã²ã£©¡£
µ«ËüȷʵÆÚÍûËüÃÇ´æÔÚ¡£ ÕâÊÇ·Ö²ã¼Ü¹¹Ä£Ê½£¨Í¼4£©¡£
Figure 4: Layered Architecture
µ±È»£¬ÎÒÃǶàÄêÀ´Ò»Ö±ÔÚ¹¹½¨¶à²ãϵͳ£¬µ«Õâ²¢²»Òâζ×ÅÎÒÃDZØÐëÉó¤Ëü¡£È·Êµ£¬¹ýÈ¥µÄһЩÖ÷Á÷¼¼Êõ - Êǵģ¬EJB
2£¬ÎÒÕýÔÚ¿´×ÅÄ㣡 - ¶ÔÓòÄ£ÐÍ¿ÉÒÔ×÷ΪÓÐÒâÒåµÄ²ã´æÔÚµÄÏë·¨²úÉúÁË»ý¼«µÄÓ°Ïì¡£ËùÓеÄÒµÎñÂß¼ËƺõÉø͸µ½Ó¦Óòã»ò£¨¸üÔã¸âµÄ£©±íʾ²ã£¬ÁôÏÂÒ»×éƶѪµÄÓòÀà[3]×÷ΪÊý¾Ý³ÖÓÐÕߵĿտǡ£Õâ²»ÊÇDDDµÄÒâ˼¡£
Òò´Ë£¬Òª¾ø¶ÔÇå³þ£¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò²ãÖв»Ó¦´æÔÚÈκÎÓòÂß¼¡£Ïà·´£¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò²ã¸ºÔðÊÂÎñ¹ÜÀíºÍ°²È«ÐÔµÈÊÂÎñ¡£ÔÚijЩÌåϵ½á¹¹ÖУ¬Ëü»¹¿ÉÄܸºÔðÈ·±£´Ó»ù´¡½á¹¹/³Ö¾Ã²ãÖмìË÷µÄÓò¶ÔÏóÔÚÓëÖ®½»»¥Ö®Ç°ÒÑÕýÈ·³õʼ»¯£¨¾¡¹ÜÎÒ¸üϲ»¶»ù´¡½á¹¹²ãÖ´Ðд˲Ù×÷£©¡£
ÔÚ±íʾ²ãÔÚµ¥¶ÀµÄ´æ´¢¿Õ¼äÖÐÔËÐеÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Ó¦ÓòãÒ²³äµ±±íʾ²ãºÍÓò²ãÖ®¼äµÄÖн顣±íʾ²ãͨ³£´¦ÀíÓò¶ÔÏó»òÓò¶ÔÏó£¨Êý¾Ý´«Êä¶ÔÏó»òDTO£©µÄ¿ÉÐòÁл¯±íʾ£¬Í¨³£Ã¿¸ö¡°ÊÓͼ¡±Ò»¸ö¡£Èç¹ûÕâЩ±»Ð޸ģ¬ÄÇô±íʾ²ã»á½«Èκθü¸Ä·¢ËÍ»ØÓ¦ÓóÌÐò²ã£¬¶øÓ¦ÓóÌÐò²ãÓÖÈ·¶¨ÒÑÐ޸ĵÄÓò¶ÔÏ󣬴ӳ־òã¼ÓÔØËüÃÇ£¬È»ºóת·¢¶ÔÕâЩÓò¶ÔÏóµÄ¸ü¸Ä¡£
·Ö²ãÌåϵ½á¹¹µÄÒ»¸öȱµãÊÇËü½¨Òé´Ó±íʾ²ãÒ»Ö±µ½»ù´¡½á¹¹²ãµÄÒÀÀµÐÔµÄÏßÐԶѵþ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÏ£ÍûÔÚ±íʾ²ãºÍ»ù´¡½á¹¹²ãÖÐÖ§³Ö²»Í¬µÄʵÏÖ¡£Èç¹û£¨ÕýÈçÎÒÈÏΪµÄÄÇÑù£¡£©ÎÒÃÇÏëÒª²âÊÔÎÒÃǵÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¾ÍÊÇÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£º
ÀýÈ磬FitNesse [4]µÈ¹¤¾ßÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ´Ó×îÖÕÓû§µÄ½Ç¶ÈÑéÖ¤ÎÒÃÇϵͳµÄÐÐΪ¡£µ«ÊÇÕâЩ¹¤¾ßͨ³£²»»áͨ¹ý±íʾ²ã£¬¶øÊÇÖ±½Ó½øÈëÏÂÒ»²ã£¬¼´Ó¦Óò㡣ËùÒÔ´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉÏ˵£¬FitNesse¾ÍÊÇÁíÒ»ÖÖ¹Û²ìÕß¡£
ͬÑù£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÓжà¸ö³Ö¾ÃÐÔʵÏÖ¡£ÎÒÃǵÄÉú²úʵÏÖ¿ÉÄÜʹÓÃRDBMS»òÀàËƼ¼Êõ£¬µ«ÊǶÔÓÚ²âÊÔºÍÔÐÍÉè¼Æ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÓÐÒ»¸öÇáÁ¿¼¶ÊµÏÖ£¨ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÄÜÔÚÄÚ´æÖУ©£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÄ£Äâ³Ö¾ÃÐÔ¡£
ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÏëÇø·Ö¡°ÄÚ²¿¡±ºÍ¡°Íⲿ¡±²ãÖ®¼äµÄ½»»¥£¬ÆäÖÐÄÚ²¿ÎÒÖ¸µÄÊÇÁ½¸ö²ãÍêÈ«ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄϵͳ£¨»òBC£©ÄڵĽ»»¥£¬¶øÍⲿ½»»¥¿çÔ½BC¡£
Òò´Ë£¬²»Òª½«ÎÒÃǵÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÊÓΪһ×éͼ²ã£¬ÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨Êǽ«ÆäÊÓΪÁù±ßÐÎ[5]£¬Èçͼ5Ëùʾ¡£ÎÒÃǵÄ×îÖÕÓû§Ê¹ÓõIJ鿴Æ÷ÒÔ¼°FitNesse²âÊÔʹÓÃÄÚ²¿¿Í»§¶ËAPI£¨»ò¶Ë¿Ú£©£¬¶øÀ´×ÔÆäËûBCµÄµ÷Óã¨ÀýÈ磬RESTfulÓÃÓÚ¿ª·ÅÖ÷»ú½»»¥£¬»òÀ´×ÔESBÊÊÅäÆ÷µÄµ÷ÓÃÓÃÓÚÒÑ·¢²¼µÄÓïÑÔ½»»¥£©ÃüÖÐÍⲿ¿Í»§¶Ë¶Ë¿Ú¡£¶ÔÓÚºó¶Ë»ù´¡¼Ü¹¹²ã£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÓÃÓÚÌæ´ú¶ÔÏó´æ´¢ÊµÏֵij־ÃÐԶ˿ڣ¬´ËÍ⣬Óò²ãÖеĶÔÏó¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÍⲿ·þÎñ¶Ë¿Úµ÷ÓÃÆäËûBC¡£
Figure 5: Hexagonal Architecture
µ«Õâ×ã¹»´óµÄ¶«Î÷; ÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´DDDÔÚú̿Ãæ°åÉϵÄÑù×Ó¡£
¹¹½¨Ä£¿é
ÕýÈçÎÒÃÇÒѾעÒâµ½µÄ£¬´ó¶àÊýDDDϵͳ¿ÉÄÜ»áʹÓÃOO·¶Àý¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÎÒÃǵÄÓò¶ÔÏóµÄÐí¶à¹¹½¨¿é¿ÉÄܺÜÊìϤ£¬ÀýÈçʵÌ壬ֵ¶ÔÏóºÍÄ£¿é£¨entities,
value objects and modules. £©¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹ûÄúÊÇJava³ÌÐòÔ±£¬ÄÇô½«DDDʵÌåÊÓΪÓëJPAʵÌå»ù±¾Ïàͬ£¨Ê¹ÓÃ@Entity×¢ÊÍ£©¾Í×ã¹»°²È«ÁË;Öµ¶ÔÏóÊÇ×Ö·û´®£¬Êý×ÖºÍÈÕÆÚÖ®ÀàµÄ¶«Î÷;Ò»¸öÄ£¿é¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö°ü¡£
µ«ÊÇ£¬DDDÇãÏòÓÚ¸ü¶àµØÇ¿µ÷Öµ¶ÔÏó£¨value objects £©£¬¶ø²»Êǹýȥϰ¹ß¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Êǵģ¬Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃStringÀ´±£´æCustomerµÄgivenNameÊôÐÔµÄÖµ£¬ÀýÈ磬Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǺÏÀíµÄ¡£µ«ÊÇÒ»±ÊÇ®£¬ÀýÈç²úÆ·µÄ¼Û¸ñÄØ£¿ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃint»òdouble£¬µ«ÊÇ£¨ÉõÖÁºöÂÔ¿ÉÄܵÄÉáÈë´íÎó£©1»ò1.0ÊÇʲôÒâ˼£¿
$ 1Â𣿠€1£¿ £¤1£¿ 1·Ö£¬ÉõÖÁ£¿Ïà·´£¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÒýÈëÒ»¸öMoneyÖµÀàÐÍ£¬Ëü·â×°ÁËCurrencyºÍÈκÎÉáÈë¹æÔò£¨½«Ìض¨ÓÚCurrency£©¡£
¶øÇÒ£¬Öµ¶ÔÏóÓ¦¸ÃÊDz»¿É±äµÄ£¬²¢ÇÒÓ¦¸ÃÌṩһ×éÎÞ¸±×÷Óõĺ¯ÊýÀ´²Ù×÷ËüÃÇ¡£ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ãд£º
Money m1 = new
Money("GBP", 10);
Money m2 = new Money("GBP", 20);
Money m3 = m1.add(m2); |
½«m2Ìí¼Óµ½m1²»»á¸Ä±äm1£¬¶øÊÇ·µ»ØÒ»¸öеÄMoney¶ÔÏó£¨ÓÉm3ÒýÓã©£¬Ëü±íʾһÆðÌí¼ÓµÄÁ½¸öMoney¡£
ÖµÒ²Ó¦¸Ã¾ßÓÐÖµÓïÒ壬ÕâÒâζ×Å£¨ÀýÈçÔÚJavaºÍC££ÖУ©ËüÃÇʵÏÖequals£¨£©ºÍhashCode£¨£©¡£ËüÃÇͨ³£Ò²¿ÉÒÔÐòÁл¯£¬¿ÉÒÔÊÇ×Ö½ÚÁ÷£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÇString¸ñʽ¡£µ±ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª¼á³ÖËüÃÇʱ£¬ÕâºÜÓÐÓá£
Öµ¶ÔÏó³£¼ûµÄÁíÒ»ÖÖÇé¿öÊDZêʶ·û¡£Òò´Ë£¬£¨US£©SocialSecurityNumber½«ÊÇÒ»¸öºÜºÃµÄÀý×Ó£¬³µÁ¾µÄRegistrationNumberÒ²ÊÇÈç´Ë¡£
URLÒ²ÊÇÈç´Ë¡£ÒòΪÎÒÃÇÒѾÖØдÁËequals£¨£©ºÍhashCode£¨£©£¬ËùÒÔÕâЩ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ°²È«µØÓÃ×÷¹þÏ£Ó³ÉäÖеļü¡£
ÒýÈë¼ÛÖµ¶ÔÏó²»½öÀ©Õ¹ÁËÎÒÃÇÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚµÄÓïÑÔ£¬»¹Òâζ×ÅÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ½«ÐÐΪÍÆÏò¼ÛÖµ¹Û±¾Éí¡£Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÈ·¶¨MoneyÓÀÔ¶²»»á°üº¬¸ºÖµ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚMoneyÄÚ²¿ÊµÏִ˼ì²é£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÔÚʹÓÃMoneyµÄÈκεط½¡£Èç¹ûSocialSecurityNumber¾ßÓÐУÑéºÍÊý×Ö£¨ÔÚijЩ¹ú¼Ò/µØÇø¾ÍÊÇÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£©£¬Ôò¸ÃУÑéºÍµÄÑéÖ¤¿ÉÒÔÔÚÖµ¶ÔÏóÖС£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÒªÇóURLÑéÖ¤Æä¸ñʽ£¬·µ»ØÆä·½°¸£¨ÀýÈçhttp£©£¬»òÕßÈ·¶¨Ïà¶ÔÓÚÆäËûURLµÄ×ÊԴλÖá£
ÎÒÃǵÄÁíÍâÁ½¸ö¹¹½¨¿é¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª¸üÉٵĽâÊÍ¡£ÊµÌåͨ³£Êdz־õģ¬Í¨³£ÊǿɱäµÄ²¢ÇÒ£¨Òò´Ë£©ÇãÏòÓÚ¾ßÓÐÒ»ÉúµÄ״̬±ä»¯¡£ÔÚÐí¶àÌåϵ½á¹¹ÖУ¬ÊµÌ彫×÷ΪÐб£´æÔÚÊý¾Ý¿â±íÖС£Í¬Ê±£¬Ä£¿é£¨°ü»òÃüÃû¿Õ¼ä£©ÊÇÈ·±£ÓòÄ£Ðͱ£³Ö½âñîµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬²¢ÇÒ²»»á³ÉΪÄཬÖеÄÒ»´ó¿é[6]¡£ÔÚËûµÄÊéÖУ¬°£ÎÄ˹̸µ½¸ÅÄîÂÖÀª£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÓÅÑŵĶÌÓÓÃÓÚÃèÊöÈçºÎÇø·ÖÓòµÄÖ÷Òª¹Ø×¢ÁìÓò¡£Ä£¿éÊÇʵÏÖÕâÖÖ·ÖÀëµÄÖ÷Òª·½Ê½£¬ÒÔ¼°È·±£Ä£¿éÒÀÀµÐÔÑϸñ·ÇÑ»·µÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃÖîÈçUncle¡°Bob¡±MartinµÄÒÀÀµµ¹ÖÃÔÔò[7]Ö®ÀàµÄ¼¼ÊõÀ´È·±£ÒÀÀµ¹ØϵÊÇÑϸñµ¥ÏòµÄ¡£
ʵÌ壬ֵºÍÄ£¿éÊǺËÐĹ¹½¨¿é£¬µ«DDD»¹ÓÐһЩ²»Ì«ÊìϤµÄ¹¹½¨¿é¡£ÎÒÃÇÏÖÔÚÀ´¿´¿´ÕâЩ¡£
¾ÛºÏºÍ¾ÛºÏ¸ù
Èç¹ûÄú¾«Í¨UML£¬ÄÇôÄú½«¼Çס£¬ËüÔÊÐíÎÒÃǽ«Á½¸ö¶ÔÏóÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÁª½¨Ä£Îª¼òµ¥¹ØÁª£¬¾ÛºÏ»òʹÓÃ×éºÏ¡£¾ÛºÏ¸ù£¨ÓÐʱËõдΪAR£©ÊÇͨ¹ý×éºÏ×é³ÉÆäËûʵÌ壨ÒÔ¼°Ëü×Ô¼ºµÄÖµ£©µÄʵÌå¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¾ÛºÏʵÌå½öÓɸùÒýÓ㨿ÉÄÜÊÇ¿É´«µÝµÄ£©£¬²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÄܲ»»á±»¾ÛºÏÍâµÄÈκζÔÏó£¨ÓÀ¾ÃµØ£©ÒýÓ᣻»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬Èç¹ûʵÌå¾ßÓжÔÁíÒ»¸öʵÌåµÄÒýÓã¬ÔòÒýÓõÄʵÌå±ØÐëλÓÚͬһ¾ÛºÏÄÚ£¬»òÕßÊÇij¸öÆäËû¾ÛºÏµÄ¸ù¡£
Ðí¶àʵÌåÊǾۺϸù£¬²»°üº¬ÆäËûʵÌå¡£¶ÔÓÚ²»¿É±äµÄʵÌ壨Ï൱ÓÚÊý¾Ý¿âÖеÄÒýÓûò¾²Ì¬Êý¾Ý£©ÓÈÆäÈç´Ë¡£Ê¾Àý¿ÉÄÜ°üÀ¨Country£¬VehicleModel£¬TaxRate£¬Category£¬BookTitleµÈ¡£
µ«ÊÇ£¬¸ü¸´ÔӵĿɱ䣨ÊÂÎñ£©ÊµÌåÔÚ½¨Ä£Îª¾ÛºÏʱȷʵ»áÊÜÒ棬Ö÷ÒªÊÇͨ¹ý¼õÉÙ¸ÅÄÏú¡£ÎÒÃDz»±Ø¿¼ÂÇÿ¸öʵÌ壬¶øÖ»¿¼ÂǾۺϸù;¾ÛºÏʵÌå½ö½öÊǾۺϵġ°ÄÚ²¿ÔË×÷¡±¡£ËüÃÇ»¹¼ò»¯ÁËʵÌåÖ®¼äµÄÏ໥×÷ÓÃ;ÎÒÃÇ×ñÑÒÔϹæÔò£º£¨³Ö¾Ã»¯£©ÒýÓÿÉÄÜÖ»ÊǾۺϵĸù£¬¶ø²»ÊǾۺÏÖеÄÈκÎÆäËûʵÌå¡£
ÁíÒ»¸öDDDÔÔòÊǾۺϸù¸ºÔðÈ·±£¾ÛºÏʵÌåʼÖÕ´¦ÓÚÓÐЧ״̬¡£ÀýÈ磬Order£¨root£©¿ÉÄÜ°üº¬OrderItemsµÄ¼¯ºÏ£¨¾ÛºÏ£©¡£¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚÒÔϹæÔò£º¶©µ¥·¢»õºó£¬ÈκÎOrderItem¶¼ÎÞ·¨¸üС£»òÕߣ¬Èç¹ûÁ½¸öOrderItemÒýÓÃÏàͬµÄ²úÆ·²¢¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄÔËÊäÒªÇó£¬ÔòËüÃǽ«ºÏ²¢µ½Í¬Ò»¸öOrderItemÖС£»òÕߣ¬OrderµÄÅÉÉútotalPriceÊôÐÔÓ¦¸ÃÊÇOrderItemsµÄ¼Û¸ñ×ܺ͡£Î¬»¤ÕâЩ²»±äÁ¿ÊÇrootµÄÔðÈΡ£
µ«ÊÇ......Ö»Óоۺϸù²ÅÄÜÍêÈ«ÔÚ¾ÛºÏÖÐά»¤¶ÔÏóÖ®¼äµÄ²»±äÁ¿¡£ OrderItemÒýÓõIJúÆ·¼¸ºõ¿Ï¶¨²»»áÔÚARÖУ¬ÒòΪ»¹ÓÐÆäËûÓÃÀýÐèÒªÓëProduct½øÐн»»¥£¬¶ø²»¹ÜÊÇ·ñÓж©µ¥¡£Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»Ìõ¹æÔò²»ÄܶÔÒÑÍ£²úµÄ²úÆ·Ï´ﶩµ¥£¬ÄÇô¶©µ¥½«ÐèÒªÒÔijÖÖ·½Ê½´¦Àí¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬Õâͨ³£Òâζ×ÅÔÚ¶©µ¥½»Ò׸üÐÂʱʹÓøôÀ뼶±ð2»ò3À´¡°Ëø¶¨¡±²úÆ·¡£»òÕߣ¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓôøÍâ¹ý³ÌÀ´Ðµ÷½»²æ¾ÛºÏ²»±äÁ¿µÄÈκÎÆÆ»µ¡£
ÔÚÎÒÃǼÌÐøÇ°½ø֮ǰÍËÒ»²½£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÎÒÃÇÓÐһϵÁÐÁ£¶È£º
value < entity
< aggregate < module < bounded context
|
ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃǼÌÐøÑо¿Ò»Ð©DDD¹¹½¨¿é¡£
´æ´¢¿â£¬¹¤³§ºÍ·þÎñ£¨Repositories, Factories and Services£©
ÔÚÆóÒµÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÖУ¬ÊµÌåͨ³£Êdz־õģ¬ÆäÖµ±íʾÕâЩʵÌåµÄ״̬¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇÈçºÎ´Ó³Ö¾ÃÐÔ´æ´¢ÖлñȡʵÌåÄØ£¿
´æ´¢¿âÊdz־ÃÐÔ´æ´¢µÄ³éÏ󣬷µ»ØʵÌå - »òÕ߸üÈ·ÇеØ˵ÊǾۺϸù - Âú×ãijЩ±ê×¼¡£ÀýÈ磬¿Í»§´æ´¢¿â½«·µ»ØCustomer¾ÛºÏ¸ùʵÌ壬¶©µ¥´æ´¢¿â½«·µ»ØOrders£¨¼°ÆäOrderItems£©¡£Í¨³££¬Ã¿¸ö¾ÛºÏ¸ùÓÐÒ»¸ö´æ´¢¿â¡£
ÒòΪÎÒÃÇͨ³£Ï£ÍûÖ§³Ö³Ö¾ÃÐÔ´æ´¢µÄ¶à¸öʵÏÖ£¬ËùÒÔ´æ´¢¿âͨ³£ÓɾßÓв»Í¬³Ö¾ÃÐԴ洢ʵÏֵIJ»Í¬ÊµÏֵĽӿڣ¨ÀýÈ磬CustomerRepository£©×é³É£¨ÀýÈ磬CustomerRepositoryHibernate»òCustomerRepositoryInMemory£©¡£ÓÉÓڴ˽ӿڷµ»ØʵÌ壨Óò²ãµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£©£¬Òò´Ë½Ó¿Ú±¾ÉíÒ²ÊÇÓò²ãµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£½Ó¿ÚµÄʵÏÖ£¨ÓëһЩÌض¨µÄ³Ö¾ÃÐÔʵÏÖñîºÏ£©ÊÇ»ù´¡½á¹¹²ãµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£
ÎÒÃÇËÑË÷µÄ±ê׼ͨ³£Òþº¬ÔÚÃûΪµÄ·½·¨Ãû³ÆÖС£Òò´Ë£¬CustomerRepository¿ÉÄÜ»áÌṩfindByLastName£¨String£©·½·¨À´·µ»Ø¾ßÓÐÖ¸¶¨ÐÕÊϵÄCustomerʵÌå¡£»òÕßÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÈÃOrderRepository·µ»ØOrders£¬findByOrderNum£¨OrderNum£©·µ»ØÓëOrderNumÆ¥ÅäµÄOrder£¨Çë×¢Ò⣬ÕâÀïʹÓÃÖµÀàÐÍ£¡£©¡£
¸ü¸´ÔÓµÄÉè¼Æ½«±ê×¼°ü×°µ½²éѯ»ò¹æ·¶ÖУ¬ÀàËÆÓÚfindBy£¨Query <T>£©£¬ÆäÖÐQuery°üº¬ÃèÊö±ê×¼µÄ³éÏóÓï·¨Ê÷¡£È»ºó£¬²»Í¬µÄʵÏÖ½â°ü²éѯÒÔÈ·¶¨ÈçºÎÒÔËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÌض¨·½Ê½¶¨Î»Âú×ãÌõ¼þµÄʵÌå¡£
Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬Èç¹ûÄãÊÇ.NET¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±£¬ÄÇôֵµÃÒ»ÌáµÄÊÇLINQ [8]¡£ÒòΪLINQ±¾ÉíÊǿɲå°ÎµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇͨ³£¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃLINQ±àд´æ´¢¿âµÄµ¥¸öʵÏÖ¡£È»ºó±ä»¯µÄ²»ÊÇ´æ´¢¿âʵÏÖ£¬¶øÊÇÎÒÃÇÅäÖÃLINQÒÔ»ñÈ¡ÆäÊý¾ÝÔ´µÄ·½Ê½£¨ÀýÈ磬Õë¶ÔEntity
Framework»òÕë¶ÔÄÚ´æÖеĶÔÏó¿â£©¡£
ÿ¸ö¾ÛºÏ¸ùʹÓÃÌض¨´æ´¢¿â½Ó¿ÚµÄ±äÌåÊÇʹÓÃͨÓô洢¿â£¬ÀýÈçRepository <Customer>¡£ÕâÌṩÁËÒ»×éͨÓ÷½·¨£¬ÀýÈçÿ¸öʵÌåµÄfindById£¨int£©¡£µ±Ê¹ÓÃQuery
<T>£¨ÀýÈçQuery <Customer>£©¶ÔÏóÖ¸¶¨Ìõ¼þʱ£¬ÕâºÜÓÐЧ¡£¶ÔÓÚJavaƽ̨£¬»¹ÓÐһЩ¿ò¼Ü£¬ÀýÈçHades
[9]£¬ÔÊÐí»ìºÏºÍÆ¥Åä·½·¨£¨´ÓͨÓÃʵÏÖ¿ªÊ¼£¬È»ºóÔÚÐèҪʱÌí¼Ó×Ô¶¨Òå½Ó¿Ú£©¡£
´æ´¢¿â²»ÊǴӳ־òãÒýÈë¶ÔÏóµÄΨһ·½·¨¡£Èç¹ûʹÓöÔÏó¹ØϵӳÉ䣨ORM£©¹¤¾ß£¨ÈçHibernate£©£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚʵÌåÖ®¼äµ¼º½ÒýÓã¬ÔÊÐíÎÒÃÇ͸Ã÷µØ±éÀúͼÐΡ£¸ù¾Ý¾Ñ飬¶ÔÆäËûʵÌåµÄ¾ÛºÏ¸ùµÄÒýÓÃÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÑÓ³Ù¼ÓÔصģ¬¶ø¾ÛºÏÖеľۺÏʵÌåÓ¦¸Ã±»¼±ÇмÓÔØ¡£µ«ÓëORMÒ»Ñù£¬ÆÚÍû½øÐÐһЩµ÷Õû£¬ÒÔ±ãΪ×î¹Ø¼üµÄÓÃÀý»ñµÃºÏÊʵÄÐÔÄÜÌØÕ÷¡£
ÔÚ´ó¶àÊýÉè¼ÆÖУ¬´æ´¢¿â»¹ÓÃÓÚ±£´æÐÂʵÀý£¬ÒÔ¼°¸üлòɾ³ýÏÖÓÐʵÀý¡£Èç¹ûµ×²ã³Ö¾ÃÐÔ¼¼ÊõÖ§³ÖËü£¬ÄÇôËüÃǺܿÉÄÜ´æÔÚÓÚͨÓô洢¿âÖУ¬µ«ÊÇ´Ó·½·¨Ç©ÃûµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´¿´£¬Ã»ÓÐʲô¿ÉÒÔÇø·Ö±£´æпͻ§ºÍ±£´æж©µ¥¡£
×îºóÒ»µã......Ö±½Ó´´½¨ÐµľۺϸùºÜÉÙ¼û¡£Ïà·´£¬ËüÃÇÇãÏòÓÚÓÉÆäËû¾ÛºÏ¸ù´´½¨¡£¶©µ¥¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öºÜºÃµÄÀý×Ó£ºËü¿ÉÄÜÊÇͨ¹ý¿Í»§µ÷ÓÃÒ»¸ö¶¯×÷À´´´½¨µÄ¡£
ÕâÕûÆëµØ´ø¸øÎÒÃÇ£º
¹¤³§
Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÒªÇóOrder´´½¨Ò»¸öOrderItem£¬ÄÇô£¨ÒòΪ±Ï¾¹OrderItemÊÇÆä¾ÛºÏµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£©£¬OrderÖªµÀҪʵÀý»¯µÄ¾ßÌåOrderItemÀàÊǺÏÀíµÄ¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ÊµÌåÖªµÀËüÐèҪʵÀý»¯µÄͬһģ¿é£¨ÃüÃû¿Õ¼ä»ò°ü£©ÖеÄÈκÎʵÌåµÄ¾ßÌåÀàÊǺÏÀíµÄ¡£
¼ÙÉè¿Í»§Ê¹ÓÃCustomerµÄplaceOrder²Ù×÷´´½¨¶©µ¥£¨²Î¼ûͼ6£©¡£Èç¹û¿Í»§ÖªµÀ¾ßÌåµÄ¶©µ¥À࣬ÔòÒâζ×Å¿Í»§Ä£¿éÒÀÀµÓÚ¶©µ¥Ä£¿é¡£Èç¹û¶©µ¥¾ßÓжԿͻ§µÄ·´ÏòÒýÓã¬ÄÇôÎÒÃǽ«ÔÚÁ½¸öÄ£¿éÖ®¼ä»ñµÃÑ»·ÒÀÀµ¡£
Figure 6: Customers and Orders (cyclic dependencie
ÈçÇ°ËùÊö£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒÀÀµÐÔ·´×ªÔÔòÀ´½â¾öÕâÀàÎÊÌ⣺´Ó¶©µ¥ÖÐɾ³ýÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ - >¿Í»§Ä£¿éÎÒÃǽ«ÒýÈëOrderOwner½Ó¿Ú£¬Ê¹OrderÒýÓÃΪOrderOwner£¬²¢Ê¹CustomerʵÏÖOrderOwner£¨²Î¼ûͼ7£©£©¡£
Figure 7: Customers and Orders (customer depends
o
ÄÇôÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½ÄØ£ºÈç¹ûÎÒÃÇÏëÒª¶©µ¥ - >¿Í»§£¿ ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬ÐèÒªÔÚ¿Í»§Ä£¿éÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö±íʾOrderµÄ½Ó¿Ú£¨ÕâÊÇCustomerµÄplaceOrder²Ù×÷µÄ·µ»ØÀàÐÍ£©¡£
È»ºó£¬¶©µ¥Ä£¿é½«Ìṩ¶©µ¥µÄʵÏÖ¡£ ÓÉÓÚ¿Í»§²»ÄÜÒÀÀµ¶©µ¥£¬Òò´Ë±ØÐ붨ÒåOrderFactory½Ó¿Ú¡£
È»ºó£¬¶©µ¥Ä£¿éÒÀ´ÎÌṩOrderFactoryµÄʵÏÖ£¨²Î¼ûͼ8£©¡£
¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÓÐÏàÓ¦µÄ´æ´¢¿â½Ó¿Ú¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û¿Í»§¿ÉÄÜÓÐÊýǧ¸ö¶©µ¥£¬ÄÇôÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ»áɾ³ýÆ䶩µ¥¼¯ºÏ¡£Ïà·´£¬¿Í»§½«Ê¹ÓÃOrderRepository¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª¶¨Î»Æ䶩µ¥£¨µÄÒ»²¿·Ö£©¡£»òÕߣ¨ÈçijЩÈËËùÔ¸£©£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý½«¶Ô´æ´¢¿âµÄµ÷ÓÃÒƶ¯µ½Ó¦ÓóÌÐòÌåϵ½á¹¹µÄ¸ü¸ß²ã£¨ÀýÈçÓò·þÎñ»òÓ¦ÓóÌÐò·þÎñ£©À´±ÜÃâ´ÓʵÌåµ½´æ´¢¿âµÄÏÔʽÒÀÀµÐÔ¡£
ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬·þÎñÊÇÎÒÃÇÐèҪ̽Ë÷µÄÏÂÒ»¸ö»°Ìâ¡£
Óò·þÎñ£¬»ù´¡½á¹¹·þÎñºÍÓ¦ÓóÌÐò·þÎñ£¨Domain services, Infrastructure
services and Application services£©
Óò·þÎñ£¨domain service£©ÊÇÔÚÓò²ãÄÚ¶¨ÒåµÄÓò·þÎñ£¬µ«ÊµÏÖ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ»ù´¡½á¹¹²ãµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£´æ´¢¿âÊÇÓò·þÎñ£¬ÆäʵÏÖȷʵÔÚ»ù´¡½á¹¹²ãÖУ¬¶ø¹¤³§Ò²ÊÇÓò·þÎñ£¬ÆäʵÏÖͨ³£ÔÚÓò²ãÄÚ¡£ÌرðÊÇÔÚÊʵ±µÄÄ£¿éÖж¨ÒåÁË´æ´¢¿âºÍ¹¤³§£ºCustomerRepositoryλÓÚ¿Í»§Ä£¿éÖУ¬ÒÀ´ËÀàÍÆ¡£
¸üÒ»°ãµØ˵£¬Óò·þÎñÊÇÈκβ»ÈÝÒ×ÔÚʵÌåÖÐÉú´æµÄÒµÎñÂß¼¡£°£ÎÄ˹½¨ÒéÔÚÁ½¸öÒøÐÐÕË»§Ö®¼ä½øÐÐתÕË·þÎñ£¬µ«ÎÒ²»È·¶¨ÕâÊÇ×îºÃµÄÀý×Ó£¨ÎһὫתÕ˱¾Éí½¨Ä£ÎªÒ»¸öʵÌ壩¡£µ«ÁíÒ»ÖÖÓò·þÎñÊÇÒ»Öֳ䵱ÆäËûÓнçÉÏÏÂÎĵĴúÀí¡£ÀýÈ磬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÏ£ÍûÓ뱩¶¿ª·ÅÖ÷»ú·þÎñµÄGeneral
Ledgerϵͳ¼¯³É¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¶¨ÒåÒ»¸ö¹«¿ªÎÒÃÇÐèÒªµÄ¹¦ÄܵķþÎñ£¬ÒÔ±ãÎÒÃǵÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¿ÉÒÔ½«ÌõÄ¿·¢²¼µ½×ÜÕÊ¡£ÕâЩ·þÎñÓÐʱ»á¶¨Òå×Ô¼ºµÄʵÌ壬ÕâЩʵÌå¿ÉÄÜ»á³Ö¾Ã»¯;ÕâЩʵÌåʵ¼ÊÉÏÓ°ÏìÁËÔÚÁíÒ»¸öBCÖÐÔ¶³Ì±£´æµÄÏÔ×ÅÐÅÏ¢¡£
ÎÒÃÇ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¼¼ÊõÐÔ¸üÇ¿µÄ·þÎñ£¬ÀýÈç·¢Ë͵ç×ÓÓʼþ»òSMSÎı¾ÏûÏ¢£¬»ò½«CorrespondenceʵÌåת»»ÎªPDF£¬»òʹÓÃÌõÐÎÂë±ê¼ÇÉú³ÉµÄPDF¡£½Ó¿ÚÔÚÓò²ãÖж¨Ò壬µ«ÊµÏÖÔÚ»ù´¡¼Ü¹¹²ãÖзdz£Ã÷È·¡£ÒòΪÕâЩ·Ç³£¼¼ÊõÐÔ·þÎñµÄ½Ó¿Úͨ³£ÊǸù¾Ý¼òµ¥µÄÖµÀàÐÍ£¨¶ø²»ÊÇʵÌ壩À´¶¨ÒåµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÇãÏòÓÚʹÓÃÊõÓï»ù´¡½á¹¹·þÎñ£¨infrastructure
service£©¶ø²»ÊÇÓò·þÎñ¡£µ«ÊÇÈç¹ûÄãÏë³ÉΪһ¸ö¡°µç×ÓÓʼþ¡±BC»ò¡°SMS¡±BCµÄÇÅÁº£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÏëµ½ËüÃÇ¡£
ËäÈ»Óò·þÎñ¼È¿ÉÒÔµ÷ÓÃÓòʵÌåÒ²¿ÉÒÔµ÷ÓÃÓòʵÌ壬µ«Ó¦Ó÷þÎñ£¨application service£©Î»ÓÚÓò²ãÖ®ÉÏ£¬Òò´ËÓò²ãÄÚµÄʵÌå²»Äܵ÷Óã¬Ö»ÄÜ·´¹ýÀ´µ÷Ó᣻»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬Ó¦Óò㣨ÎÒÃǵķֲã¼Ü¹¹£©¿ÉÒÔ±»ÈÏΪÊÇÒ»×飨ÎÞ״̬£©Ó¦Ó÷þÎñ¡£
ÈçÇ°ËùÊö£¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò·þÎñͨ³£´¦Àí½»²æºÍ°²È«µÈ½»²æÎÊÌâ¡£ËûÃÇ»¹¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÒÔÏ·½Ê½Óë±íʾ²ã½øÐе÷½â£º½â×éÈëÕ¾ÇëÇó;ʹÓÃÓò·þÎñ£¨´æ´¢¿â»ò¹¤³§£©»ñÈ¡¶ÔÓëÖ®½»»¥µÄ¾ÛºÏ¸ùµÄÒýÓÃ;ÔڸþۺϸùÉϵ÷ÓÃÊʵ±µÄ²Ù×÷;²¢½«½á¹û±à×é»Ø±íʾ²ã¡£
ÎÒ»¹Ó¦¸ÃÖ¸³ö£¬ÔÚijЩÌåϵ½á¹¹ÖУ¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò·þÎñµ÷Óûù´¡½á¹¹·þÎñ¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ó¦Ó÷þÎñ¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Óµ÷ÓÃPdfGenerationService£¬´«µÝ´ÓʵÌåÖÐÌáÈ¡µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬¶ø²»ÊÇʵÌåµ÷ÓÃPdfGenerationService½«Æä×ÔÉíת»»ÎªPDF¡£Õâ²»ÊÇÎÒµÄÌرðÆ«ºÃ£¬µ«ËüÊÇÒ»ÖÖ³£¼ûµÄÉè¼Æ¡£ÎҺܿì¾Í»á̸µ½ÕâÒ»µã¡£
ºÃµÄ£¬ÕâÍê³ÉÁËÎÒÃǶÔÖ÷ÒªDDDģʽµÄ¸ÅÊö¡£ÔÚEvans 500 +Ò³ÃæÊéÖл¹Óиü¶àÄÚÈÝ - ÖµµÃÒ»¶Á
- µ«ÎÒ½ÓÏÂÀ´Òª×öµÄÊÇÍ»³öÏÔʾÈËÃÇËƺõºÜÄÑÓ¦ÓÃDDDµÄһЩÁìÓò¡£
ÎÊÌâºÍÕÏ°
ʵʩ·Ö²ã¼Ü¹¹
ÕâÊǵÚÒ»¼þÊ£ºÑϸñÖ´Ðмܹ¹·Ö²ã¿ÉÄܺÜÀ§ÄÑ¡£ÌرðÊÇ£¬´ÓÓò²ãµ½Ó¦ÓòãµÄÒµÎñÂß¼Éø͸¿ÉÄÜÌرðÒþ±Î¡£
ÎÒÒѾÔÚÕâÀïÌô³öÁËJavaµÄEJB2×÷Ϊ×ï¿ý»öÊ×£¬µ«ÊÇÄ£ÐÍ - ÊÓͼ - ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ģʽµÄ²»Á¼ÊµÏÖÒ²¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÕâÖÖÇé¿ö·¢Éú¡£¿ØÖÆÆ÷£¨=Ó¦Óò㣩»á·¢Éúʲô£¬³Ðµ£Ì«¶àÔðÈΣ¬ÈÃÄ£ÐÍ£¨=Óò²ã£©±äµÃƶѪ¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÓиüеÄWeb¿ò¼Ü£¨ÔÚJavaÊÀ½çÖУ¬Wicket
[10]ÊÇÒ»¸öո¶ͷ½ÇµÄÀý×Ó£©£¬³öÓÚÕâÖÖÔÒòÃ÷È·µØ±ÜÃâÁËMVCģʽ¡£
±íʾ²ãÄ£ºýÁËÓò²ã
ÁíÒ»¸öÎÊÌâÊdz¢ÊÔ¿ª·¢ÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚµÄÓïÑÔ¡£ÁìÓòר¼ÒÔÚÆÁÄ»·½Ãæ̸»°ÊǺÜ×ÔÈ»µÄ£¬ÒòΪ±Ï¾¹£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½µÄϵͳ¡£ÒªÇóËûÃÇÔÚÆÁÄ»ºóÃæ²é¿´²¢ÔÚÓò¸ÅÄî·½Ãæ±í´ïËûÃǵÄÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܷdz£À§ÄÑ¡£
±íʾ²ã±¾ÉíÒ²¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚÎÊÌ⣬ÒòΪ×Ô¶¨Òå±íʾ²ã¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨×¼È··´Ó³£¨¿ÉÄÜ»áŤÇú£©µ×²ãÓò¸ÅÄ´Ó¶øÆÆ»µÎÒÃÇÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚµÄÓïÑÔ¡£¼´Ê¹²»ÊÇÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬Ò²Ö»ÐèÒª½«Óû§½çÃæ×éºÏÔÚÒ»ÆðËùÐèµÄʱ¼ä¡£Ê¹ÓÃÃô½ÝÊõÓËٶȽµµÍÒâζ×Åÿ´Îµü´úµÄ½ø¶È½ÏÉÙ£¬Òò´Ë¶ÔÕû¸öÓòµÄÉîÈëÁ˽â½ÏÉÙ¡£
´æ´¢¿âģʽµÄʵÏÖ
´Ó¸ü¼¼ÊõÐԵĽǶÈÀ´¿´£¬ÐÂÊÖÓÐʱËƺõÒ²»á»ìÏý½«´æ´¢¿â£¨ÔÚÓò²ãÖУ©ÓëÆäʵÏÖ£¨ÔÚ»ù´¡¼Ü¹¹²ãÖУ©µÄ½Ó¿Ú·ÖÀë³öÀ´¡£ÎÒ²»È·¶¨ÎªÊ²Ã´»áÕâÑù£º±Ï¾¹£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö·Ç³£¼òµ¥µÄOOģʽ¡£ÎÒÏëÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪ°£ÎÄ˹µÄÊ鲢ûÓдﵽÕâ¸öϸ½Úˮƽ£¬ÕâÈÃһЩÈ˱äµÃ¸ß¸ßÔÚÉÏ¡£µ«ÕâÒ²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪÌæ»»³Ö¾ÃÐÔʵÏÖ£¨¸ù¾ÝÁù±ßÐÎÌåϵ½á¹¹£©µÄÏë·¨²¢²»Æձ飬µ¼Ö³־ÃÐÔʵÏÖÉø͸µ½Óò²ãµÄϵͳ¡£
·þÎñÒÀÀµÏîµÄʵÏÖ
ÁíÒ»¸ö¼¼ÊõÎÊÌâ - ÔÚDDD´ÓÒµÕßÖ®¼ä¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚ·ÖÆç - ¾ÍʵÌåÓëÓò/»ù´¡ÉèÊ©·þÎñ£¨°üÀ¨´æ´¢¿âºÍ¹¤³§£©Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ¶øÑÔ¡£ÓÐЩÈËÈÏΪʵÌå¸ù±¾²»Ó¦¸ÃÒÀÀµÓò·þÎñ£¬µ«Èç¹ûÊÇÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬ÔòÍⲿӦÓóÌÐò·þÎñÓëÓò·þÎñ½»»¥²¢½«½á¹û´«µÝ¸øÓòʵÌå¡£¸ù¾ÝÎÒµÄ˼ά·½Ê½£¬ÕâʹÎÒÃÇ×ßÏòÁËÒ»¸öƶѪµÄÁìÓòÄ£ÐÍ¡£
ÉÔ΢ÈáºÍµÄ¹ÛµãÊÇʵÌå¿ÉÒÔÒÀÀµÓÚÓò·þÎñ£¬µ«Ó¦ÓóÌÐò·þÎñÓ¦¸Ã¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª´«µÝËüÃÇ£¬ÀýÈç×÷Ϊ²Ù×÷µÄ²ÎÊý¡£ÎÒÒ²²»Ï²»¶Õâ¸ö£º¶ÔÎÒ¶øÑÔ£¬Ëü½«ÊµÏÖϸ½Ú±©Â¶¸øÓ¦Óò㣨¡°Õâ¸öʵÌåÐèÒªÕâÑùÒ»¸ö·þÎñ²ÅÄÜÍê³ÉÕâ¸ö²Ù×÷¡±£©¡£µ«ÊÇÐí¶à´ÓÒµÕ߶ÔÕâÖÖ·½·¨¸Ðµ½ÂúÒâ¡£
ÎÒ×Ô¼ºµÄÊ×Ñ¡·½°¸ÊÇʹÓÃÒÀÀµ×¢È뽫·þÎñ×¢ÈëʵÌ塣ʵÌå¿ÉÒÔÉùÃ÷ËüÃǵÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ£¬È»ºó»ù´¡½á¹¹²ã£¨ÀýÈçHibernate£¬Spring»òÆäËûһЩ¿ò¼Ü£©¿ÉÒÔ½«·þÎñ×¢ÈëʵÌ壺
public class
Customer {
¡
private OrderFactory orderFactory;
public void setOrderFactory(OrderFactory orderFactory)
{
this.orderFactory = orderFactory;
}
¡
public Order placeOrder( ¡ ) {
Order order = orderFactory.createOrder();
¡
return order;
}
} |
Ò»ÖÖÌæ´ú·½·¨ÊÇʹÓ÷þÎñ¶¨Î»Æ÷ģʽ¡£ÀýÈ磬½«ËùÓзþÎñ×¢²áµ½JNDIÖУ¬È»ºóÿ¸öÓò¶ÔÏó²éÕÒËüËùÐèµÄ·þÎñ¡£ÔÚÎÒ¿´À´£¬ÕâÒýÈëÁ˶ÔÔËÐÐʱ»·¾³µÄÒÀÀµ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÓëÒÀÀµ×¢ÈëÏà±È£¬Ëü¶ÔʵÌåµÄÄÚ´æÐèÇó½ÏµÍ£¬Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸ö¾ö¶¨ÐÔÒòËØ¡£
²»ºÏÊʵÄÄ£¿é»¯
ÕýÈçÎÒÃÇÒѾȷ¶¨µÄÄÇÑù£¬DDDÔÚʵÌåÖ®ÉÏÇø·ÖÁ˼¸ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÁ£¶È¼¶±ð£¬¼´¾ÛºÏ£¬Ä£¿éºÍBC¡£»ñµÃÕýÈ·µÄÄ£¿é»¯Ë®Æ½ÐèҪһЩÁ·Ï°¡£ÕýÈçRDBMSģʽ¿ÉÄܱ»·Ç¹æ·¶»¯Ò»Ñù£¬ÏµÍ³Ò²Ã»ÓÐÄ£¿é»¯£¨³ÉΪÄཬµÄ´óÇò£©¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬¹ý¶È¹æ·¶»¯µÄRDBMSģʽ£¨ÆäÖе¥¸öʵÌåÔÚ¶à¸ö±íÉϱ»·Ö½â£©Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓк¦µÄ£¬¹ýÄ£¿é»¯ÏµÍ³Ò²ÊÇÈç´Ë£¬ÒòΪËü±äµÃÄÑÒÔÀí½âϵͳÈçºÎ×÷ΪÕûÌ幤×÷¡£
ÎÒÃÇÊ×ÏÈ¿¼ÂÇÄ£¿éºÍBC¡£¼Çס£¬Ä£¿éÀàËÆÓÚJava°ü»ò.NETÃüÃû¿Õ¼ä¡£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÁ½¸öÄ£¿éÖ®¼äµÄÒÀÀµ¹ØϵÊÇ·ÇÑ»·µÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÈç¹ûÎÒÃÇÈ·¶¨£¨±ÈÈç˵£©¿Í»§ÒÀÀµÓÚ¶©µ¥£¬ÄÇôÎÒÃDz»ÐèÒª×öÈκζîÍâµÄÊÂÇ飺¿Í»§¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥µØµ¼ÈëOrder°ü/ÃüÃû¿Õ¼ä²¢Ê¹ÓÃËü½Ó¿ÚºÍÀà¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª¡£
µ«ÊÇ£¬Èç¹ûÎÒÃǽ«¿Í»§ºÍ¶©µ¥·ÅÈëµ¥¶ÀµÄBCÖУ¬ÄÇôÎÒÃÇ»¹Óиü¶àµÄ¹¤×÷Òª×ö£¬ÒòΪÎÒÃDZØÐ뽫¿Í»§BCÖеĸÅÄîÓ³Éäµ½BC¶©µ¥µÄ¸ÅÄî¡£ÔÚʵ¼ùÖУ¬Õ⻹Òâζ×ÅÔÚ¿Í»§BCÖоßÓж©µ¥ÊµÌåµÄ±íʾ£¨¸ù¾ÝÇ°Ãæ¸ø³öµÄ×Ü·ÖÀàÕÊʾÀý£©£¬ÒÔ¼°Í¨¹ýÏûÏ¢×ÜÏß»òÆäËû¶«Î÷ʵ¼ÊÐ×÷µÄ»úÖÆ¡£Çë¼Çס£ºÓµÓÐÁ½¸öBCµÄÔÒòÊǵ±Óв»Í¬µÄ×îÖÕÓû§ºÍ/»òÀûÒæÏà¹ØÕßʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÎÞ·¨±£Ö¤²»Í¬BCÖеÄÏà¹Ø¸ÅÄ³¯×ÅÏàͬµÄ·½Ïò·¢Õ¹¡£
ÁíÒ»¸ö¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚ»ìÏýµÄÁìÓòÊǽ«ÊµÌåÓë¾ÛºÏÇø·Ö¿ªÀ´¡£Ã¿¸ö¾ÛºÏ¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸öʵÌå×÷ΪÆä¾ÛºÏ¸ù£¬¶ÔÓںܶàºÜ¶àʵÌ壬¾ÛºÏ½«Ö»°üº¬Õâ¸öʵÌ壨¡°ËöË顱µÄÇé¿ö£¬ÕýÈçÊýѧ¼ÒËù˵µÄÄÇÑù£©¡£µ«ÎÒ¿´µ½¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ÈÏΪÕû¸öÊÀ½ç±ØÐë´æÔÚÓÚÒ»¸ö¾ÛºÏÖС£Òò´Ë£¬ÀýÈ磬¶©µ¥°üº¬ÒýÓòúÆ·µÄOrderItems£¨µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹Ò»Ö±ºÜºÃ£©£¬Òò´Ë¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±µÃ³ö½áÂÛ£¬²úÆ·Ò²ÔÚ¾ÛºÏÖУ¨²»£¡£©¸üÔã¸âµÄÊÇ£¬¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±»á¹Û²ìµ½¿Í»§Óж©µ¥£¬ËùÒÔÏëÏëÕâ¸öÒâζ×ÅÎÒÃDZØÐëÓµÓÐCustomer
/ Order / OrderItem / ProductµÄ¾ÞÐ;ۺϣ¨²»£¬²»£¬²»£¡£©¡£¹Ø¼üÊÇ¡°¿Í»§Óж©µ¥¡±²¢²»Òâζ×Å°µÊ¾»ã×Ü;¿Í»§£¬¶©µ¥ºÍ²úÆ·¶¼ÊǼ¯ºÏµÄ¸ùÔ´¡£
ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÄ£¿é£¨ÕâÊǷdz£´Ö²ÚºÍ×¼±¸ºÃµÄ£©¿ÉÄÜ°üº¬Áù¸ö¾ÛºÏ£¬Ã¿¸ö¾ÛºÏ¿ÉÄÜ°üº¬Ò»¸öʵÌåºÍ¼¸¸öʵÌåÖ®¼ä¡£ÔÚÕâÁù¸öÖУ¬Ò»¸öºÃµÄÊý×Ö¿ÉÄÜÊDz»¿É±äµÄ¡°²Î¿¼Êý¾Ý¡±Àà¡£»¹Òª¼Çס£¬ÎÒÃÇÄ£¿é»¯µÄÔÒòÊÇÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÀí½âÒ»¼þÊ£¨ÔÚÒ»¶¨µÄÁ£¶È¼¶±ð£©¡£ËùÒÔÒª¼Çס£¬µäÐ͵ÄÈËÒ»´ÎÖ»Äܱ£³ÖÔÚ5µ½9¸öÖ®¼ä[11]¡£
ÈëÃÅ
ÕýÈçÎÒÔÚ¿ªÊ¼Ê±Ëù˵£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÔÚDDD֮ǰÓöµ½¹ýºÜ¶àÏë·¨¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÎÒËù˵¹ýµÄÿһ¸öSmalltalker£¨ÎÒ²»ÊÇÒ»¸ö£¬ÎÒ²»¸Ò˵£©ËƺõºÜ¸ßÐËÄܹ»ÔÚEJB2µÈÈ˵ĻÄÒ°ËêÔÂÖ®ºó»Ø¹éÓòÇý¶¯µÄ·½·¨¡£
ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬Èç¹ûÕâЩ¶«Î÷ÊÇеÄÔõô°ì£¿ÓÐÕâô¶à²»Í¬µÄ·½Ê½À´°íµ¹£¬ÓÐûÓа취¿É¿¿µØ¿ªÊ¼Ê¹ÓÃDDD£¿
Èç¹ûÄã»·¹ËÒ»ÏÂJavaÁìÓò£¨¶Ô.NETÀ´Ëµ²¢²»ÄÇôÔã¸â£©£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÓÐÊý°Ù¸öÓÃÓÚ¹¹½¨WebÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄ¿ò¼Ü£¨JSP£¬Struts£¬JSF£¬Spring
MVC£¬Seam£¬Wicket£¬TapestryµÈ£©¡£´Ó³Ö¾ÃÐԽǶȣ¨JDO£¬JPA£¬Hibernate£¬iBatis£¬TopLink£¬JCloudµÈ£©»òÆäËûÎÊÌ⣨RestEasy£¬Camel£¬ServiceMix£¬MuleµÈ£©£¬ÓкܶàÕë¶Ô»ù´¡¼Ü¹¹²ãµÄ¿ò¼Ü¡£µ«ÊǺÜÉÙÓпò¼Ü»ò¹¤¾ßÀ´°ïÖúDDDËù˵µÄ×îÖØÒªµÄ²ã£¬¼´Óò²ã¡£
×Ô2002ÄêÒÔÀ´£¬ÎÒÒ»Ö±²ÎÓ루ÏÖÔÚÊÇÒ»¸öÌá½»Õߣ©Ò»¸öÃûΪNaked ObjectsµÄÏîÄ¿£¬JavaÉϵĿªÔ´[12]ºÍ.NETÉϵÄÉÌÒµ[13]¡£ËäÈ»Naked
ObjectsûÓÐÃ÷È·µØ¿ªÊ¼¿¼ÂÇÁìÓòÇý¶¯µÄÉè¼Æ - ÊÂʵÉÏËüÔçÓÚEvansµÄÊé - ËüÓëDDDµÄÔÀí·Ç³£ÏàËÆ¡£Ëü»¹¿ÉÒÔÇáËÉ¿Ë·þÇ°ÃæÌáµ½µÄÕÏ°¡£
Äú¿ÉÒÔ½«Naked ObjectsÊÓΪÓëHibernateµÈORMÀàËÆ¡£ ORM¹¹½¨Óò¶ÔÏóµÄԪģÐͲ¢Ê¹ÓÃËüÀ´×Ô¶¯½«Óò¶ÔÏó³Ö¾Ã±£´æµ½RDBMS£¬¶øNaked
Objects¹¹½¨ÔªÄ£ÐͲ¢Ê¹ÓÃËüÔÚÃæÏò¶ÔÏóµÄÓû§½çÃæÖÐ×Ô¶¯³ÊÏÖÕâЩÓò¶ÔÏó¡£
¿ªÏä¼´ÓõÄNaked ObjectsÖ§³ÖÁ½¸öÓû§½çÃ棬һ¸ö¸»¿Í»§¶Ë²é¿´Æ÷£¨²Î¼ûͼ9£©ºÍÒ»¸öHTML²é¿´Æ÷£¨²Î¼ûͼ10£©¡£ÕâЩ¶¼Êǹ¦ÄÜÍ걸µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò£¬ÐèÒª¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±Ö»±àдҪÔËÐеÄÓò²ã£¨ÊµÌ壬ֵ£¬´æ´¢¿â£¬¹¤³§£¬·þÎñ£©¡£
Figure 9: Naked Objects Drag-n-Drop Viewer
ÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´ClaimÀàµÄ£¨Java£©´úÂ루ÈçÆÁÄ»½ØͼËùʾ£©¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÕâЩÀà»ù±¾ÉÏÊÇpojos£¬¾¡¹ÜÎÒÃÇͨ³£´Ó±ã½ÝÀàAbstractDomainObject¼Ì³Ð£¬Ö»ÊÇΪÁË·Ö½â×¢ÈëͨÓô洢¿â²¢ÌṩһЩ°ïÖú·½·¨£º
public class
Claim extends AbstractDomainObject {
...
}
Next, we have some value properties:
// {{ Description
private String description;
@MemberOrder(sequence = "1")
public String getDescription() { return description;
}
public void setDescription(String d) { description
= d; }
// }}
// {{ Date
private Date date;
@MemberOrder(sequence="2")
public Date getDate() { return date; }
public void setDate(Date d) { date = d; }
// }}
// {{ Status
private String status;
@Disabled
@MemberOrder(sequence = "3")
public String getStatus() { return status; }
public void setStatus(String s) { status = s;
}
// }} |
ÕâЩÊǼòµ¥µÄgetter / setter£¬·µ»ØÀàÐÍΪString£¬ÈÕÆÚ£¬ÕûÊýµÈ£¨¾¡¹ÜNaked ObjectsÒ²Ö§³Ö×Ô¶¨ÒåÖµÀàÐÍ£©¡£½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÐһЩ²Î¿¼ÊôÐÔ£º
// {{ Claimant
private Claimant claimant;
@Disabled
@MemberOrder(sequence = "4")
public Claimant getClaimant() { return claimant;
}
public void setClaimant(Claimant c) { claimant
= c; }
// }}
// {{ Approver
private Approver approver;
@Disabled
@MemberOrder(sequence = "5")
public Approver getApprover() { return approver;
}
public void setApprover(Approver a) { approver
= a; }
// }} |
ÕâÀïÎÒÃǵÄClaimʵÌåÒýÓÃÆäËûʵÌ塣ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ClaimantºÍApproverÊǽӿڣ¬Òò´ËÕâÔÊÐíÎÒÃǽ«ÓòÄ£ÐÍ·Ö½âΪģ¿é£¬ÈçÇ°ËùÊö¡£
ʵÌåÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓµÓÐʵÌ弯ºÏ¡£ÔÚÎÒÃǵݸÀýÖУ¬ClaimÓÐÒ»¸öClaimItemsµÄ¼¯ºÏ£º
// {{ Items
private List<ClaimItem> items = new
ArrayList<ClaimItem>();
@MemberOrder(sequence = "6")
public List<ClaimItem> getItems() { return
items; }
public void addToItems(ClaimItem item) {
items.add(item);
}
// }} |
ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓУ¨Naked Objectsµ÷Óõģ©¶¯×÷£¬¼´submitºÍaddItem£ºÕâЩ¶¼ÊDz»´ú±íÊôÐԺͼ¯ºÏµÄ¹«¹²·½·¨£º
// {{ action:
addItem
public void addItem(
@Named("Days since")
int days,
@Named("Amount")
double amount,
@Named("Description")
String description) {
ClaimItem claimItem = newTransientInstance(ClaimItem.class);
Date date = new Date();
date = date.add(0,0, days);
claimItem.setDateIncurred(date);
claimItem.setDescription(description);
claimItem.setAmount(new Money(amount, "USD"));
persist(claimItem);
addToItems(claimItem);
}
public String disableAddItem() {
return "Submitted".equals(getStatus())
? "Already
submitted" : null;
}
// }}
// {{ action: Submit
public void submit(Approver approver) {
setStatus("Submitted");
setApprover(approver);
}
public String disableSubmit() {
return getStatus().equals("New")?
null : "Claim has already been submitted";
}
public Object[] defaultSubmit() {
return new Object[] { getClaimant().getApprover()
};
}
// }} |
ÕâЩ²Ù×÷»áÔÚNaked Objects²é¿´Æ÷ÖÐ×Ô¶¯³ÊÏÖΪ²Ëµ¥Ïî»òÁ´½Ó¡£¶øÕâЩÐж¯µÄ´æÔÚÒâζ×ÅNaked
ObjectsÓ¦ÓóÌÐò²»½ö½öÊÇCRUD·ç¸ñµÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¡£
×îºó£¬ÓÐһЩ֧³Ö·½·¨¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾ±êÇ©£¨»ò±êÌ⣩²¢¹Ò¹³³Ö¾ÃÐÔÉúÃüÖÜÆÚ£º
// {{ Title
public String title() {
return getStatus() + " - " + getDate();
}
// }}
// {{ Lifecycle
public void created() {
status = "New";
date = new Date();
}
// }} |
֮ǰÎÒ½«Naked ObjectsÓò¶ÔÏóÃèÊöΪpojos£¬µ«Äú»á×¢Òâµ½ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃ×¢ÊÍ£¨ÀýÈç@Disabled£©ÒÔ¼°ÃüÁîʽ°ïÖúÆ÷·½·¨£¨ÀýÈçdisableSubmit£¨£©£©À´Ç¿ÖÆÖ´ÐÐÒµÎñÔ¼Êø¡£
Naked Objects²é¿´Æ÷ͨ¹ý²éѯÆô¶¯Ê±¹¹½¨µÄԪģÐÍÀ´×ðÖØÕâЩÓïÒå¡£Èç¹ûÄú²»Ï²»¶ÕâЩ±à³ÌÔ¼¶¨£¬Ôò¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¸ÄËüÃÇ¡£
µäÐ͵ÄNaked ObjectsÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÓÉÒ»×éÓòÀà×é³É£¬ÀýÈçÉÏÃæµÄClaimÀ࣬ÒÔ¼°´æ´¢¿â£¬¹¤³§ºÍÓò/»ù´¡½á¹¹·þÎñµÄ½Ó¿ÚºÍʵÏÖ¡£ÌرðÊÇ£¬Ã»Óбíʾ²ã»òÓ¦Óòã´úÂë¡£ÄÇôNaked
ObjectsÈçºÎ°ïÖú½â¾öÎÒÃÇÒѾȷ¶¨µÄһЩÕÏ°£¿
ʵʩ·Ö²ã¼Ü¹¹£ºÒòΪÎÒÃDZàдµÄΨһ´úÂëÊÇÓò¶ÔÏó£¬ÓòÂß¼ÎÞ·¨Éø͸µ½ÆäËû²ã¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬Naked Objects×î³õµÄ¶¯»úÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇ°ïÖú¿ª·¢ÐÐΪÍêÕûµÄ¶ÔÏó
±íʾ²ãÄ£ºýÁËÓò²ã£ºÒòΪ±íʾ²ãÊÇÓò¶ÔÏóµÄÖ±½Ó·´Ó³£¬Õû¸öÍŶӿÉÒÔѸËÙ¼ÓÉî¶ÔÓòÄ£Ð͵ÄÀí½â¡£Ä¬ÈÏÇé¿öÏ£¬Naked
ObjectsÖ±½Ó´Ó´úÂëÖлñÈ¡ÀàÃûºÍ·½·¨Ãû£¬Òò´ËÇ¿ÁÒÒªÇóÔÚÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚµÄÓïÑÔÖлñµÃÃüÃûȨ¡£Í¨¹ýÕâÖÖ·½Ê½£¬Naked
ObjectsÒ²Ö§³ÖDDDµÄÄ£ÐÍÇý¶¯Éè¼ÆÔÀí
´æ´¢¿âģʽµÄʵÏÖ£ºÄú¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆÁÄ»½ØͼÖп´µ½µÄͼ±ê/Á´½Óʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇ´æ´¢¿â£ºEmployeeRepositoryºÍClaimRepository¡£
Naked ObjectsÖ§³Ö¿É²åÈë¶ÔÏó´æ´¢£¬Í¨³£ÔÚÔÐÍÉè¼ÆÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃÕë¶ÔÄÚ´æÖжÔÏó´æ´¢µÄʵÏÖ¡£µ±ÎÒÃÇתÏòÉú²úʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇ»á±àдһ¸öʵÏÖÊý¾Ý¿âµÄʵÏÖ¡£
·þÎñÒÀÀµÏîµÄʵÏÖ£ºNaked Objects»á×Ô¶¯½«·þÎñÒÀÀµÏî×¢Èëÿ¸öÓò¶ÔÏó¡£ÕâÊÇÔÚ´Ó¶ÔÏó¿âÖмìË÷¶ÔÏóʱ£¬»òÕßÊ״δ´½¨¶ÔÏóʱÍê³ÉµÄ£¨Çë²ÎÔÄÉÏÃæµÄnewTransientInstance£¨£©£©¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÕâЩ¸¨Öú·½·¨Ëù×öµÄ¾ÍÊÇίÍÐNaked
ObjectsÌṩµÄÃûΪDomainObjectContainerµÄͨÓô洢¿â/¹¤³§¡£
²»ºÏÊʵÄÄ£¿é»¯£ºÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÕý³£·½Ê½Ê¹ÓÃJava°ü£¨»ò.NETÃüÃû¿Õ¼ä£©Ä£¿é»¯ÎªÄ£¿é£¬²¢Ê¹ÓÃStructure101
[14]ºÍNDepend [15]µÈ¿ÉÊÓ»¯¹¤¾ßÀ´È·±£ÎÒÃǵĴúÂë¿âÖÐûÓÐÑ»·ÒÀÀµ¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý×¢ÊÍ@HiddenÀ´Ä£¿é»¯Îª¾ÛºÏ£¬Èκξۺ϶ÔÏó´ú±íÎÒÃǿɼû¾ÛºÏ¸ùµÄÄÚ²¿¹¤×÷;ÕâЩ½«²»»á³öÏÖÔÚNaked
Objects²é¿´Æ÷ÖС£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ±àдÓòºÍ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©·þÎñ£¬ÒÔ±ã¸ù¾ÝÐèҪǎӵ½ÆäËûBC¡£
Naked ObjectsÌṩÁËÐí¶àÆäËû¹¦ÄÜ£ºËü¾ßÓпÉÀ©Õ¹µÄÌåϵ½á¹¹ - ÌرðÊÇ - ÔÊÐíʵÏÖÆäËû²é¿´Æ÷ºÍ¶ÔÏó´æ´¢¡£ÕýÔÚ¿ª·¢µÄÏÂÒ»´ú¹ÛÖÚ£¨ÀýÈçScimpi
[16]£©Ìṩ¸ü¸´ÔӵĶ¨Öƹ¦ÄÜ¡£´ËÍ⣬Ëü»¹Ìṩ¶àÖÖ²¿ÊðÑ¡ÏÀýÈ磬Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃNaked Objects½øÐÐÔÐÍÉè¼Æ£¬È»ºóÔÚ½øÐÐÉú²úʱ¿ª·¢×Ô¼ºµÄ¶¨ÖƱíʾ²ã¡£Ëü»¹ÓëFitNesse
[17]µÈ¹¤¾ß¼¯³É£¬¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯ÎªÓò¶ÔÏóÌṩRESTful½Ó¿Ú[18]¡£
ÏÂÒ»²½
ÁìÓòÇý¶¯µÄÉè¼Æ»ã¼¯ÁËÒ»×éÓÃÓÚ¿ª·¢¸´ÔÓÆóÒµÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄ×î¼Ñʵ¼ùģʽ¡£Ò»Ð©¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±¶àÄêÀ´Ò»Ö±ÔÚÓ¦ÓÃÕâЩģʽ£¬¶ÔÓÚÕâЩÈËÀ´Ëµ£¬DDD¿ÉÄÜÖ»ÊǶÔËûÃÇÏÖÓÐʵ¼ùµÄ¿Ï¶¨¡£µ«¶ÔÓÚÆäËûÈËÀ´Ëµ£¬Ó¦ÓÃÕâЩģʽ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸öÕæÕýµÄÌôÕ½¡£
Naked ObjectsΪJavaºÍ.NETÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö¿ò¼Ü£¬Í¨¹ý´¦ÀíÆäËû²ã£¬ÍŶӿÉÒÔרעÓÚÖØÒªµÄ²¿·Ö£¬¼´ÓòÄ£ÐÍ¡£Í¨¹ýÖ±½ÓÔÚUIÖй«¿ªÓò¶ÔÏó£¬Naked
ObjectsÔÊÐíÍŶӷdz£×ÔÈ»µØ¹¹½¨Ò»¸öÃ÷È·ÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚµÄÓïÑÔ¡£Ëæ×ÅÓò²ãµÄ½¨Á¢£¬ÍŶӿÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª¿ª·¢¸ü¼ÓÁ¿Éí¶¨ÖƵıíʾ²ã¡£
|