可能你已发现一个问题,我们无法使用VS对WPF项目创建单元测试(VS2005不行,VS2008我没试过,但据说也不行),这让人很郁闷,这里将介绍如何使用NUnit来对WPF项目创建单元测试并解决其中的难题(但利用NUnit来对WPF创建单元测试时并不会像针对.Net2.0一样容易,可能会出现一些小问题)。
1,对普通类(非WPF UI组件)进行测试:
这和在.Net2.0中使用NUnit进行测试时一样,不会出现任何问题,参考下面的代码:
以下是引用片段: [TestFixture] public
class ClassTest { [Test]
public void TestRun() {
ClassLibrary1.Class1 obj = new ClassLibrary1.Class1();
double expected = 9;
double result = obj.GetSomeValue(3);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
} } |
2,对WPF UI组件进行测试
使用NUnit对WPF UI组件(比如MyWindow,MyUserControl)进行测试的时候,NUnit会报如下异常:“The
calling thread must be STA, because many UI components
require this”。
下面是错误的测试代码:
以下是引用片段: [TestFixture] public
class ClassTest { [Test]
public void TestRun() {
WindowsApplication1.Window1 obj = new WindowsApplication1.Window1();
double expected = 9;
double result = obj.GetSomeValue(3);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, result);
} } |
为了让调用线程为STA,我们可以编写一个辅助类CrossThreadTestRunner:
以下是引用片段: using System; using
System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text;
using System.Threading; using
System.Security.Permissions; using System.Reflection;
namespace TestUnit
{ public class CrossThreadTestRunner
{ private Exception lastException;
public void RunInMTA(ThreadStart
userDelegate) { Run(userDelegate,
ApartmentState.MTA); }
public void RunInSTA(ThreadStart userDelegate)
{ Run(userDelegate, ApartmentState.STA);
} private void Run(ThreadStart
userDelegate, ApartmentState apartmentState)
{ lastException = null;
Thread thread = new Thread(
delegate() { try
{ userDelegate.Invoke(); }
catch (Exception e) {
lastException = e; } });
thread.SetApartmentState(apartmentState);
thread.Start(); thread.Join();
if (ExceptionWasThrown())
ThrowExceptionPreservingStack(lastException);
} private bool ExceptionWasThrown()
{ return lastException != null;
} [ReflectionPermission(SecurityAction.Demand)]
private static void ThrowExceptionPreservingStack(Exception
exception) { FieldInfo remoteStackTraceString
= typeof(Exception).GetField( "_remoteStackTraceString",
BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
remoteStackTraceString.SetValue(exception,
exception.StackTrace + Environment.NewLine);
throw exception; }
} } |
并编写正确的测试代码:
以下是引用片段: [TestFixture] public
class ClassTest { [Test]
public void TestRun() {
CrossThreadTestRunner runner = new CrossThreadTestRunner();
runner.RunInSTA( delegate
{ Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState());
WindowsApplication1.Window1 obj
= new WindowsApplication1.Window1();
double expected = 9; double
result = obj.GetSomeValue(3); Assert.AreEqual(expected,
result); }); }
} |
另外,使用NUnit时,您需要添加对nunit.framework.dll的引用,并对测试类添加[TestFixture]属性标记以及对测试方法添加[Test]属性标记,然后将生成的程序集用nunit.exe打开就可以了,关于NUnit的具体用法您可以参考其官方文档
。
|